Little-known wonders of the world (13 photos). Little-known wonders of the world (13 photos) Who burned the Temple of Artemis of Ephesus
Seven Wonders of the World (Ancient World).
Currently these include:
- Pyramid of Cheops (Khufu);
- Hanging Gardens of Babylon;
- Temple of Artemis at Ephesus;
- Zeus statue in Olympia;
- Alexandrian lighthouse;
- The Colossus of Rhodes;
- Mausoleum in Halicarnassus;
Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Reconstruction of the beginning of the 20th century The Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BC) to fight against the main enemy - Assyria, whose troops twice destroyed the capital of the state of Babylon, entered into an alliance with Knaxar, the king of Media. Having won, they divided the territory of Assyria among themselves. Their military alliance was confirmed by the marriage of Nebuchadnezzar II to the daughter of the Median king Semiramis. Dusty and noisy Babylon, located on a bare sandy plain, did not please the queen, who grew up in mountainous and green Media. To console her, Nebuchadnezzar ordered the construction of the Hanging Gardens. In 331 BC. E. The troops of Alexander the Great captured Babylon. The famous commander made the city the capital of his huge empire. It was here, in the shadow of the Hanging Gardens, that he died. After the death of Alexander, Babylon gradually fell into decay. The gardens were in disrepair. Powerful floods destroyed the brick foundation of the columns, and the platforms collapsed to the ground. Thus one of the wonders of the world perished.
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus- one of the “Seven Wonders of the World”. It was built by the architect Heirocrates in the 4th century BC. e. in the city of Ephesus on the coast of Asia Minor (currently Selcuk, Türkiye). Alexander the Great himself allocated money for the construction of the new Wonder of the World. A common misconception is that Herostratus burned a unique Wonder of the World, wanting to become famous. In fact, Herostratus burned the old wooden temple of Artemis, which previously stood on this very spot. And, in fact, by his act he provoked the restoration of the temple on a new, many times enlarged scale. This allowed the new temple to become the greatest building of its time.
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Statue of Olympian Zeus- the work of Phidias, an outstanding work of ancient architecture, one of the seven wonders of the world. The Greeks considered those who did not see the statue of Zeus in the temple unfortunate... The Olympic Games had been held for more than 300 years. They were very popular among the people. They were held in honor of the god Zeus. But in Greece, the main temple in honor of Zeus has not yet been erected. In 470 BC. in Greece they began to collect donations for the construction of this temple. Construction of the temple began in 466 BC. and ended in 456 BC. The construction was supervised by the architect Libon, information about whom has not reached us.
Alexandrian lighthouse- one of the “Seven Wonders of the World”. In the 3rd century BC. e. a lighthouse was built so that ships could safely pass the reefs on their way to Alexandria Bay. At night they were helped in this by the reflection of flames, and during the day by a column of smoke. It was the world's first lighthouse, and it stood for 1,500 years.
The Colossus of Rhodes- a giant statue that stood in the port city of Rhodes - an island in the Aegean Sea, in Greece. The production of the grandiose monument required 500 talents of bronze and 300 talents of iron (about 13 and about 8 tons, respectively). The colossus also gave rise to a kind of fashion for giant statues in Rhodes already in the 2nd century. BC e. About a hundred colossal sculptures were installed. However, the Colossus itself stood for a relatively short time - only fifty-six years. In 222 BC e. The statue was destroyed by an earthquake. As Strabo writes, “the statue lay on the ground, overthrown by an earthquake and broken at the knees.” But even then the Colossus caused surprise with its size. Pliny the Elder mentions that only a few could clasp the statue's thumb with both hands. The remains of the Colossus lay on the ground for more than a thousand years, until they were finally sold by the Arabs, who captured Rhodes in 977, to a merchant who, as one chronicle says, loaded 900 camels with them. At present, it is not possible to fully reconstruct the appearance of the statue.
Halicarnassus Mausoleum- tombstone of the Carian king Mausolus (Greek: Μαύσωλος), built in the middle of the 4th century BC. e. by order of his wife Artemisia II in Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum, Turkey), one of the ancient wonders of the world. The architecture of the Mausoleum is unusual for Greek architecture of that time: if classical Hellenic temples are rectangular in plan and their height does not exceed the length of the facade, then the Mausoleum in plan is almost square, and its height significantly exceeded the side of the base. Damaged by several earthquakes, the Mausoleum stood until..., in 1404. Its base towered over the ruins of ancient Halicarnassus. In 1522, the remains of the Mausoleum were dismantled by the Knights of St. John for the construction of the fortress of St. Petra.
7 wonders of the world, as well as a description of each of them - incredible structures that have gained glory of the past and present. The uniqueness of each building is associated with the time of construction, the loss or wealth and talent of the creator. Today there are two lists with photos - ancient wonders of the world and new ones, which were selected in 2007.
7 wonders of the world, photos and descriptions of which will not convey all the beauty of the sights, were designated by two creators. The first mention belongs to the work of Herodotus “History”, where he gives the title of miracle to 3 structures. An addition to this list was highlighted by Antipater in his own poems.
The Pyramid of Cheops
In modern times, one of the seven wonders of the world has been preserved - the Pyramid of Cheops. The date of creation is 4500 years ago. The pyramid is a pharaoh's tomb with corridors filled with traps and dead ends. It was originally covered with white limestone and topped with a gilded pyramidion (a stone often used to decorate the top of tombs).
In the 12th century, during the burning of Cairo, the pyramid was looted, the covering was removed, and the stone was lost. The structure is considered the largest in Egypt. There are three crypts inside the tomb, located one below the other. The King's and Queen's chambers have the appearance of ventilation shafts, which are of a religious nature.
Not all of the 7 wonders of the world have survived to this day. The only existing representative is the Cheops pyramid. Photo and description below.
The Egyptians believed that the soul passed through several gates before entering the afterlife. Therefore, the ventilation shaft has several doors. At the end of such a “path” there is a small space with signs painted in red ocher, indicating the entrance to the afterlife itself.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
One of the most mysterious miracles is the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, which were built by King Nebuchadnezzar II for his wife. The creation of this miracle is associated with a romantic story. In the fight against the Assyrians, the kings of Media and Babylon entered into an alliance, strengthened by a marriage between Nebuchadnezzar (king of Babylon) and the daughter of the Median king.
The girl yearned for her native flourishing country, and to make her smile, Nebuchadnezzar ordered the construction of hanging gardens.
But the daughter of the Median king was not called Semiramis. This name belonged to the queen who ruled in Assyria 200 years before. It is mistakenly believed that Semiramis had at least some contact with Nebuchadnezzar. In 126 BC, the miracle was destroyed during strife with the Persians, without even standing for a century.
Temple of Artemis of Ephesus
According to legends, Artemis is the goddess of fertility and prosperity. Thanks to her there was a rich harvest and healthy children. The predecessors of the future wonder of the world were three sanctuaries. After which, at this place, the inhabitants of Ephesus decided to honor the goddess by erecting an incredibly beautiful temple. The architect of the project was Chersifon, and funds for construction were provided by Croesus.
A statue made of ivory and gold was erected in the building itself. For some time, the temple served as a meeting hall for solving important economic and political issues of Ephesus. There is an opinion that in the 4th century BC two grandiose events took place in one night - Herostratus burned the temple, desiring glory, and at the same moment Alexander the Great was born.
It was the king of Macedon who subsequently restored the miracle, making it several feet taller. But 600 years later the temple was plundered by the Goths.
Zeus statue in Olympia
The Olympic Games were originally dedicated to the god Zeus to demonstrate the willpower and body of a person. To further exalt the ruler of the gods, it was decided to build a statue in his honor. The role of sculptor and creator was given to the Athenian Phidias. To confirm this, archaeologists found a bowl that stood in front of the statue with the inscription “Belongs to Phidias.”
According to legend, Zeus was created from 200 kg of gold, a mountain of precious stones and wood using a special technique.
During Christian times, all pagan temples were banned, and internal property was sold for the benefit of the city. There are two versions of the disappearance of the statue of Zeus - during transportation to Constantinople, a fire occurred that destroyed the sculpture. Or it was simply sold due to lack of funds.
mausoleum in Halicarnassus
The Halicarnassus Mausoleum is a monument in honor of the ruler Mausolus, which was supposed to have posthumous significance. However, its construction was started by Mavsol’s wife before her husband’s death. The peculiarity of this building is its unusual style for that time. The mausoleum was made in a square rather than rectangular shape, and also had at least 330 statues.
Also unusual was the base of the structure, which was significantly superior to analogues of that time. The miracle stood for almost 2000 years, after which it was damaged during a strong earthquake. Parts of the rubble were used to build the fortress of St. Peter.
Alexandrian lighthouse
The 7 Wonders of the World are largely associated with Alexander the Great. On the way to the Alexandria Bay there were a large number of reefs, which is why ships often crashed, and the Faros lighthouse was of strategic importance. According to the description, construction was supposed to take 20 years, but everything was completed in 12 years. Today you can only see photos of reproductions of that structure.
The structure became huge, as for that time, which is why it was included in the list of seven wonders of the world. Soldiers lived in the lower part of the lighthouse. There was a fire burning in the top cylindrical one.
The wonder of the world was doomed to destruction during the destruction of the Alexandria Bay. The ships did not enter the port, which is why the need for the lighthouse disappeared, and it was empty. About 200 years later, a strong earthquake occurred, which finally destroyed the lighthouse.
The Colossus of Rhodes
The statue of the Colossus of Rhodes was erected in honor of the sun god Helios, who, according to legend, helped win the battle of Rhodes against Demetrius Poliorcetes. Despite all the military might of the Macedonian king, the city withstood the siege and forced the king to retreat. The inhabitants of Rhodes believed that the island itself was born by Helios, so he subsequently defended it.
The sculptor Hares was hired to immortalize the god in the form of a giant statue. According to legends, they first ordered him a figure 10 times the height of a person, but then they doubled the size, paying the same amount. However, more materials were required, so the sculptor had to complete the construction at his own expense.
To date, no reliable image of the statue has survived, since it stood for only 50 years. It was destroyed due to a strong earthquake and was not restored, since the oracle predicted God's wrath to the one who touched the fallen figure of Helios.
New 7 wonders of the world with photos and descriptions
The 7 Wonders of the World (photos and descriptions can be seen later in the article) according to the new version were proclaimed during a 2007 project sponsored by the New Open World Corporation. Elections took place among candidates for the most amazing structures through simple voting through SMS messages and calls. The result was announced in July 2007 in the capital of Portugal.
The winners were:
- Amphitheater Colosseum.
- Protective structure The Great Wall of China.
- Machu Picchu.
- Lost City of Petra (Jordan).
- Taj Mahal Mosque.
- Modern statue of Christ the Redeemer.
- Ruins of ancient civilizations of the city of Chichen Itza.
Another 14 finalists competed for a place among the wonders of the world. The Pyramid of Cheops was among them, but did not participate in the voting, since it is the last surviving wonder of the ancient world.
the great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China was built as a symbol of the unity and power of the country. It was not built from scratch. The kingdoms of Qin, Zhao, Yan and Wei erected borders to protect against attacks by nomads. In the third century BC, Emperor Qin Shihuang issued a decree on the need to build a defensive wall, which would be called the Great Wall of China.
The design included all parts of pre-existing kingdoms, which were strengthened and complemented to form a whole image.
Managed the ten-year construction of Meng Tian. The construction was difficult due to the lack of roads and food supplies. The number of people involved in the construction is not known exactly - from 300 thousand to a million.
Most of them died while working. The following ruling dynasties completed the construction of the Great Wall of China. Most of its surviving part was built during the Ming Dynasty.
Statue of Christ the Redeemer
The history of the Brazilian Statue of Christ the Redeemer is connected with the then approaching centenary of the state's independence (1922). In honor of this, a fundraiser was announced for the construction of the statue. As a result of the action, almost 3 million in local currency was collected, including a significant part of the church’s funds. Construction lasted 9 years.
The details of the figure were made in France, as its dimensions were too large. The idea for the sketch of outstretched arms was in association with the cross. By 1931, the entire statue was transported by rail and assembled into a single figure. It was consecrated only 34 years later.
Over time, Christ the Redeemer was repaired and restored, and in recent years, night lighting was added. The first service was held only after the statue was elected as a New Wonder of the World.
Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal is a mausoleum that was built in honor of Shah Jahan's wife who died in childbirth. Subsequently, the padishah himself was buried there. Inside the mosque itself are the tombs of the ruler and his wife, but the remains themselves are located on an underground level, hidden from the eyes of visitors.
It is considered a pearl of Muslim culture due to the combination of several movements of architecture: Indian, Persian and Arabic.
Coliseum
Colosseum is translated from Latin as huge or colossal. Made on the principle of an open amphitheater. In the 1st century, Emperor Nero ruled, who adhered to a despotic policy. After his death and a period of civil wars, Vespasian came to power. He wanted to perpetuate his own name, erasing the memory of his unsuccessful predecessor.
Nero's palace at that time was enormous in size and had a lake in the very center of Rome. Vespasian himself remodeled the palace for his own needs, and ordered the reservoir to be filled up and an amphitheater built in its place to entertain the people. During the time of Christianity, the Colosseum lost its urgent need, and with the invasion of barbarians in the same century it began to collapse.
The biggest changes came with an earthquake in 1349. After this, the broken parts began to be used to build new buildings. Subsequently, the stones that did not fall off during the earthquake began to be taken away.
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is called the city among the clouds, as it is located high in the mountains. It is considered the site of the existence of the Inca civilization until the arrival of the Spanish conquerors. Was the imperial residence, the third largest for the glorification of the name.
However, Machu Picchu could not be called a major city at that time. There are no more than 200 buildings within its boundaries. For a long time the city was lost. It was discovered 400 years after the conquest.
Petra
Petra is the oldest city of the Nabateans, which was carved into the city. It was located at a strategically important intersection of trade routes. This is what brought Petra a lot of income for a long time. After Rome opened the eastern sea route, the crossing of routes disappeared, as a result of which the city itself gradually became impoverished and ruined.
It has not yet been fully explored, since an incorrect movement could lead to the destruction of the entire wonder of the world. Today it is a center of pilgrimage.
Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza is the center of the ancient Mayan civilization in the first part and the Taltec civilization in the second. In the 11th century, the city became the capital of the Taltec state. During the wars of one people with another, it was destroyed to ruins. By the time of the Spanish invasions, the city was completely deserted, having lost any influence on neighboring regions.
Some settlements of local residents were located near Chichen Itza, but no one lived in the area itself. The Indians considered this city to be the center of pilgrimage journeys. It has not been fully explored, as it has a huge number of underground labyrinths and traps.
Among the ruins of this city, the remains of a skull with trepanation were found - a complex modern surgical operation, which indicates a high medical level of civilizations.
7 natural wonders of the world from CNN
7 Wonders of the World (photos and descriptions compiled according to CNN) are associated with natural phenomena:
7 new wonders of nature with photos and descriptions
The 7 wonders of the world (photos and descriptions of each can be seen in the article) in natural terms have existed for a long time.
Therefore, a project about new miracles was put together:
The eighth wonder of the world
07/07/07 (July 7, 2007) 7 new wonders of the world were selected, but the Pyramids of Giza were not included. This happened because they are already on the list of 7 ancient wonders of the world, but the people of Egypt believe that their Pyramids do not need any voting and are a miracle in themselves.
The Pyramids of Giza are a complex of several ancient monuments, namely the Pyramids of Cheops, Menkaouar and Khafre.
They are located in the suburbs of Cairo and were created around the XXVI - XXIII centuries. BC. They are the unrecognized eighth wonder of the world.
Other wonders of the world
During the determination of the modern wonders of the world, 20 applicants were selected, of which 7 were selected:
| Wonder of the world | Description |
| Eiffel Tower | One of the most recognizable buildings in the world, located in the city of love - Paris, its height is 324 meters. The tower was designed in 1887 by Gustave Eiffel. The total weight of the structure is 10 thousand tons. |
| Angkor | Previously, it was a city in the Khemer Empire, and has survived to this day in the form of numerous ruins. Recognized as a World Heritage Site. |
| Athens Acropolis | The Acropolis is located on a hill approximately 160 meters high and is a complex of buildings and temples. It was built before the classical era of Athens. |
| Opera House in Sydney | Perhaps one of the most recognizable musical theaters in the world, it is also a symbol of Australia. It was recognized as an outstanding architectural structure. |
| Statue of Liberty | One of the most famous and recognizable buildings in the world, a symbol of US freedom, is located in New York. Its height is 93 meters. The statue is made of 3 components - copper, steel and concrete. The total weight of the entire building is approximately 27,156 tons, including the base. |
| Neuschwanstein | A romantic castle located in Germany. For its construction, the rock was undermined by order of Ludwig II. |
| Timbuktu | An entire city located in Mali. The population of this city is 33 thousand people and there are 3 of the oldest mosques in West Africa. |
| Kremlin | The fortified city is located in Moscow. The main socio-political complex of modern Russia. The height of the walls ranges from 5 to 20 meters, and the width is approximately 4.5 meters. |
| Moai | Huge stone statues, weighing up to 80 tons, are located on Easter Island. There is still debate about exactly how they were delivered and for what purpose. |
| Alhambra | Architectural park ensemble, located in Granada, Spain. Many consider the Alhambra to be the most beautiful building of Moorish art. Now it is a museum. |
| Hagia Sophia | Hagia Sophia, which for thousands of years was one of the largest in the world. It is a symbol of the golden age in Byzantium. The building was both a cathedral and a mosque, however, at the moment it is a museum. |
| Kiyomizu-dera | One of the most famous Buddhist temples in Japan, located in Kyoto. There is a waterfall on its territory, and it itself is surrounded by green forest. |
| Stonehenge | A World Heritage whose purpose has not yet been revealed. It is made of large stone blocks set in a circle. |
The 7 Wonders of the World are known for their distinctiveness and uniqueness. The buildings brought something new to culture or religion, this made it possible to learn the historical description of that time. The photos very clearly convey the majesty of each of them.
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Video about 7 wonders of the world
List of all seven wonders of the world and their features:
In all centuries, people were proud and carefully protected the achievements of their civilizations. The memory of these achievements has survived to this day, becoming a worldwide property. The Seven Wonders of the World is a classic list of outstanding human creations.
An interesting fact is that it was well known even before our era. In ancient schools, children were taught various sciences, and knowledge of the 7 wonders of the world was mandatory.
In this article we will provide you not only with a list of 7 wonders of the world, but also make a brief description of each of them.
List of 7 wonders of the world
Well, now photos and descriptions of the masterpieces of antiquity, which we call nothing less than seven wonders of the world.
1 wonder of the world - Pyramid of Cheops
The exact date of construction of this grandiose structure is unknown. However, scientists suggest that it is around 2600 BC.
The original height of the Cheops pyramid was 146 meters (that's like 5 nine-story buildings), while now it is approximately 138 m. The angle of inclination of the walls is from 51° to 53°. The average weight of the blocks from which the pyramid is built is 2.5 tons, although some blocks reach 80 tons.
No cement or other binding substance was used in construction. The stone blocks of the first wonder of the world are simply stacked on top of each other. The surface of the pyramid was lined with limestone slabs. Today the coating is almost completely destroyed.
There are three chambers inside the pyramid: the underground, the Queen's Chamber and the Pharaoh's Chamber. There was only one entrance to this structure, and it was located at a height of 15 meters from the ground. But in 820 another, artificial entrance was made to the Cheops pyramid.
The purpose of this stunning building is still unknown. It was previously believed that the pyramids played the role of tombs for the pharaohs. However, such a simplified view of such a majestic and complex structure has not been taken seriously for a long time.
There are also suggestions that the Cheops pyramid was an ancient space observatory, or was a powerful energy generator.
2 wonder of the world - Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are considered the 2nd wonder of the world. This amazing structure was built in 605 BC, but already in 562 BC. it was destroyed due to flooding.
Despite the fact that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon are named after the Assyrian queen Semiramis (800 BC), Nebuchadnezzar II built them in honor of his wife Amytis.
But the Hanging Gardens were included in the list of 7 wonders of the world with the name of Semiramis.
The structure consisted of four floors. All of them were equipped with cool rooms for royal walks. Columns 25 m high supported each tier.
The terraces were covered with special lead leaves and filled with asphalt to prevent water for watering the plants from leaking out. On top of all this was sprinkled with earth of such thickness that trees could grow there freely. One can only imagine how much weight the columns of the lower tier could bear.
Water for irrigation was pumped up from the Euphrates River using a cunning system. The slaves constantly turned the wheel to supply water, since the majestic building with stunning gardens required a lot of moisture.
To see the place where the 2nd wonder of the world was located - the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, you will have to go to Iraq, since the ruins of ancient Babylon were found there.
3rd wonder of the world - Statue of Zeus at Olympia
By the name of the 3 wonders of the world - the statue of Zeus, it is not difficult to guess to whom this architectural masterpiece was dedicated. The fact is that the Greeks built a temple to the pagan god Zeus in 465 BC, but the statue of Zeus, which is considered one of the 7 wonders of the world, appeared there only 30 years later.
The statue of Zeus itself was made of ivory and reached a height of 17 meters (like a five-story building). At the base of the monument there was a square slab, 6 m wide and 1 m high.
The effect produced on the Greeks by the third of the wonders of the world was stunning. The fact is that the ratio of the sizes of the temple itself and the statue of Zeus inside it was such that it seemed as if Zeus would now rise and break through the roof of the temple, since otherwise he would simply not be able to straighten up.
The statue of Zeus stood in Olympia for about 800 years. At the beginning of the 5th century AD, the temple was destroyed, and the statue was transported to Constantinople in order to preserve cultural heritage. In 425 she died in a fire.
4th wonder of the world - Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
In the ancient Greek city of Ephesus in 560 BC. The Temple of Artemis of Ephesus was built, which later became one of the 7 wonders of the world.
The height of the temple was 18 m, width – 52 m, length – 105 m. The roof was supported by 127 columns.
Some of the best masters of antiquity worked on the creation of this architectural masterpiece. The statue of Artemis itself was made of gold and ivory.
The temple had not just religious significance, but was also a cultural and economic center.
Who burned the Temple of Artemis of Ephesus?
In the summer of 356 BC. e. The Temple of Artemis, one of the 7 wonders of the world, was burned by a resident of the city of Ephesus. The name of the temple arsonist is Herostratus.
You may ask why Herostratus needed to destroy such a unique architectural monument?
By his own admission, he did this in order to go down in history and perpetuate his name forever. Despite the fact that he was executed for this crime, the name of Herostratus has indeed survived to this day.
However, the great commander Alexander the Great restored the temple of Artemis of Ephesus to its previous form, allocating colossal funds for this matter.
In 263, the fourth wonder of the world was plundered and destroyed by the Goths.
The remains of the Temple of Artemis from Ephesus can be found in Turkey, in the city of Selcuk, Izmir province.
5th wonder of the world - Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
The Halicarnassus Mausoleum, included in the list of 7 wonders of the world, appeared in 351 BC. The author of the idea is the king of Caria named Mausolus together with his wife, Queen Artemisia.
Thus, they decided to perpetuate their name following the example of the Egyptian pharaohs. It must be said that his idea was successful, since the fifth wonder of the world is still associated with his name.
The mausoleum building was three-tiered.
The first tier was a massive base, surrounded around the perimeter by statues of ancient Greek heroes. Inside, after the death of Mausolus and his wife, their tombs were to be placed.
The second floor was used as a temple to serve pagan cults. There were 36 columns on it that supported the upper, main part of the Halicarnassus mausoleum.
The third tier looked like a pyramid consisting of 24 steps. At the very top the main value of the mausoleum was installed: a majestic statue representing a chariot with King Mausolus and his wife Artemisia.
It seems incredible, but in the British Museum you can see statues of both royal spouses that have been well preserved to this day.
The Mausoleum in Halicarnassus, which became one of the seven wonders of the world, was destroyed in the 13th century due to a large-scale earthquake.
In the Turkish resort town of Bodrum you can find the site where the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus once stood.
6th wonder of the world - Colossus of Rhodes
The Colossus of Rhodes entered the classic list of the Seven Wonders of the World almost immediately after its creation in 280 BC.
But first, let's tell the background story of the appearance of the sixth wonder of the world. Demetrius I, almost immediately after the death of Alexander the Great, attacked Rhodes, one of the largest port cities.
Having held the siege of the city for more than a year, for unknown reasons he abandoned everything he had there and left with his army.
As a token of gratitude, the residents of Rhodes decided to sell the huge property that was in their hands and use the proceeds to build a monument to Helios, the sun god.
The main architect and sculptor of this masterpiece was Jerez. The original idea of the inhabitants of Rhodes was to build a statue that would be 10 times higher than the average height of a person, that is, 18 meters.
But then they decided to double the height, for which they allocated an even larger amount of money to Jerez. But they were not enough to continue construction. However, Jerez could no longer stop.
He borrowed enormous amounts of money from wealthy friends and relatives and continued to work tirelessly to create a monument that would later join the Seven Wonders of the World.
Ultimately, after 12 years of titanic work, the world saw the 36-meter Colossus of Rhodes. It consisted of an iron frame, finished with clay, and was lined with bronze. The Colossus was located right at the entrance to the harbor, and was visible from all the nearby islands.
It is interesting to note that the fate of the sculptor Jerez himself was tragic. After completing his masterpiece, he was persecuted by creditors. Ultimately, he committed suicide.
In total, 13 tons of bronze and 8 tons of iron were used to build the Colossus of Rhodes. However, 65 years after its appearance, around 225 BC. The Colossus of Rhodes fell into the sea, breaking at the knees. By the way, the expression “colossus with feet of clay” appeared precisely after this.
Eyewitnesses left information that the finger of the statue alone was so thick that two adults could barely grasp it.
The height of the colossus was approximately 60 m (like an eighteen-story building). The Rhodes statue lay in a recumbent position for almost 900 years. Then it was dismantled and sold by the Arabs, who by that time had captured Rhodes.
In the end, it should only be noted that there is no exact data about what the Colossus of Rhodes, included in the seven wonders of the world, actually looked like.
7th wonder of the world - Lighthouse of Alexandria
The last, seventh wonder of the world is the Lighthouse of Alexandria, built in the 3rd century BC. It is also called the Faros Lighthouse.
The idea of creating this lighthouse was quite practical. The fact is that not far from Alexandria there was the island of Pharos with an important bay. At that time it was of great importance for passing merchant ships.
Probably Sostratus of Knidos (chief architect of the lighthouse) dreamed that his brainchild would be included in the seven wonders of the world and glorify his name for centuries.
The project was implemented during the reign of the Egyptian Ptolemy II. 20 years were allotted for construction, but Sostratus completed the work in just 5.
An interesting fact is that when Sostratus was asked to imprint the name of Ptolemy on the Alexandria lighthouse, he acted very cunningly. First, he carved his name on the stone, and on top of the plaster he laid out the name of the ruler.
A few decades later, the plaster collapsed, and the residents saw the name of the true master and author of the seventh wonder of the world.
The Alexandria Lighthouse consisted of three towers.
The lowest part was a technical floor, where workers and soldiers lived, and all equipment for maintaining the lighthouse was stored.
The second part looked like an octagonal tower, around which there was a ramp. Fuel for the fire was supplied through it.
The topmost, key tower of the lighthouse was equipped with a complex system of mirrors, thanks to which the light from the fire was visible so far.
The total height of the Faros lighthouse was about 140 meters. At the very top of the head was a statue of the god of the seas - Poseidon.
It is worth mentioning the reviews of contemporaries who saw the Alexandria Lighthouse in person. So some travelers talked about the amazing statues that were located at the lighthouse.
The first of them raised her hand at sunrise, pointed at it throughout the day, and after sunset the hand dropped.
The second one made a sound 24 times a day with the last second of each passing hour.
The third indicated the direction of the wind.
At night, the Alexandria lighthouse illuminated the water surface over a distance of over 60 km. During the day, a column of smoke rose from it, which also served as an important indicator for ships.
In 796, after standing for almost 1000 years, the seventh wonder of the world, the Faros lighthouse, was almost completely destroyed by an earthquake. In the 15th century, Sultan Qait Bey founded a fortress on its foundation, which still exists today.
An interesting fact is that in 2015, the Egyptian authorities approved a project to rebuild the lighthouse.
Well, here we go all seven wonders of the world. Of course, this list was disputed at various times by certain figures, but it is still considered classic.
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More than one and a half thousand years ago, on July 21, a strong earthquake destroyed the legendary Alexandria lighthouse. The fate of other wonders of the world was also extremely sad: none of them survived, with the exception of the Pyramid of Cheops.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
They were built by order of King Nebuchadnezzar II in the 7th century BC, but stood until the end of the millennium. Constant flooding made the foundation unstable, and at one point the gardens simply collapsed in the blink of an eye.
Gardens of Babylon. (wikipedia.org)
The Colossus of Rhodes
This giant met overseas guests in Greece on the island of Rhodes. It repeated the fate of the Alexandria lighthouse - the earthquake of 224 BC knocked the Colossus off his feet right into the sea.
The Colossus of Rhodes. (wikipedia.org)
mausoleum in Halicarnassus
Mausoleum in Halicarnassus. (wikipedia.org)
This palace can rightfully be called a “long-liver” - it lasted until 1494, but an earthquake turned it into ruins. The remains of a mausoleum that stood for more than a thousand years can be seen in Turkey
Zeus statue
In 435 BC, a statue of Zeus appeared in Olympia, which took ten years to build. According to historical sources, this creation made of ivory, gold and marble was transferred to Constantinople, where it burned down during a terrible fire already in the 4th century AD.
Statue of Zeus. (wikipedia.org)
Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
This temple avoided the fate of the lighthouse in Alexandria and the Colossus of Rhodes because it was built on marshy ground in 560 BC. e. In 356 it was set on fire by the Greek Herostratus, but the building was later repaired. Several centuries later, the house of the goddess Artemis was plundered by the Goths, and when Christianity began to spread throughout Turkey, the stones were used to build other temples.
Temple of Artemis. (wikipedia.org)
The Pyramid of Cheops
The Pyramid of Cheops. (wikipedia.org)
Construction of this monument began around 2560 BC and continued for several centuries. The pyramid was supposed to become a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops. The structure and statistical indicators of the building excite the minds of scientists around the world - to build such a structure seems impossible in those distant times.
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Books
- Wonders of the World, Maria Zamyatina. Chips - Age 7+ - Hypotheses about the past and future of the planet - Unique photographs from the most inaccessible corners Book 'Wonders of the World'. My first school project is an exciting...
- Wonders of the World, Ash Russell. The Seven Ancient Wonders of the World have attracted people's attention for many centuries. Egyptian pyramids, the hanging gardens of Babylon, the statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Colossus of Rhodes,…
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