An airplane is an extremely safe form of transport. Not enough seat belt What is the most dangerous type of transport according to statistics

Many people have probably heard that traveling by air is much safer than traveling by land or sea. And this is true, so there is no need to be afraid of flying. However, it is important to remember the following: There is no completely safe mode of transport! Each category has its own data on emergency situations and, alas, passenger mortality. However, statistics for many years have stated that hundreds of times fewer people die in plane crashes than, for example, as a result of road accidents. Even cyclists (again, according to statistics) get into accidents more often than airline passengers. Interestingly, approximately 80% of people are afraid of flying, 5% completely refuse to fly because of their fear, preferring “safer” land and water modes of transport. Let's figure out what is safer: a plane or a train?

According to data collected over the past 5 years, the safest mode of transport is the airplane. Trains and boats are a little behind.

Let's think about why the plane is the safest mode of transport. There are an unimaginable number of aircraft in the world. In 2013, it was found that every 3 seconds one airliner lands somewhere on the globe.

Let's imagine that with this number of planes, the chance of getting into a plane crash was only 0.01%, then there would be at least 13 crashes every day. The real probability of a passenger becoming a victim of a plane crash is 1 to 8,000,000. Even if you fly every day, it would take 21,000 years to die in a plane crash. By comparison, the chance of being seriously injured while simply walking is significantly higher: 1 in 1,749.

Rail transport is not far behind air transport in terms of safety. Most people die as a result of road accidents.

It is impossible to remain silent about the crash of even a small passenger plane, so with the help of radio, television and the Internet, the world learns about the real number of incidents. Another thing is that any plane crash is an extremely large-scale incident, so the news about the crashes is shocking in the number of victims, as well as in the footage of eyewitnesses and film crews.

A train derailment is no less a major event than a plane crash. It is noteworthy that railway transport ranks second in terms of safety, since in the event of an accident the passenger at least partially has the opportunity to take part in his own rescue. However, for example, since the beginning of 2016, 6 large-scale accidents have already been recorded in the world, and in 2015 - at least 24. There is a clear answer to the question: “Why is an airplane safer than a train?” very difficult, at least due to the fact that statistics can vary greatly in different countries, as well as over different periods. However, one thing is 100% certain: most people in the world crash in cars.

Plane crash survivability

Many people believe that if a person is on board a plane that crashes, his chances of survival are close to zero. However, the statistics are more optimistic. In the USA, interesting calculations were made, which took into account the statistics of 568 disasters that occurred between 1983 and 2001. The dead were only 5% of the total number of passengers on board. The chances of survival are significantly increased (by as much as 50%) if the plane makes an emergency splashdown. Therefore, routes passing through water areas are theoretically the safest.

Comparative characteristics of modes of transport in terms of safety.

When choosing transport, many passengers are guided by their own preferences. Moreover, every second person is mistaken about the relative safety of a particular type of transport. Many people focus on safety when choosing transport. At the same time, there is an opinion that the safest is the train. In this article we will dispel all myths regarding the safety of movement.

The most unsafe and dangerous mode of transport in the world: statistics

Oddly enough, the most dangerous type of transport can be considered a motorcycle. In total, 42 people die per 100 ml miles. This is a huge number, since there are several thousand people per year.

In second place are cars, minibuses and buses. You yourself often witness car accidents. 1.2 people die in car accidents per year. Just think about these numbers.

The rating does not take into account unusual types of transport. That is, there are no dog sleds or spaceships. Otherwise, a spaceship could be considered the safest. But since no one makes intergalactic daily flights yet, statistics speak in favor of the plane.

Many people believe that an airplane is the most unsafe form of transport, and this is completely wrong. It is customary in the world to calculate the risk of displacement as the number of victims per 100 million miles. As a result, it turns out that the death rate from the plane is only 0.6 people. In 2016, there were 21 plane crashes, with a total death toll of about a thousand people. You will think that this is a lot. But in fact, more cyclists die each year around the world.

Despite the misconception of many, the airplane comes first among safe transport. The mortality rate is very low. Perhaps this is due to the higher speed than the train. Accordingly, it turns out that an airplane flies these 160 kilometers faster than a train. Therefore, the mortality statistics are lower. In principle, mortality directly depends on the speed of transport. On average, per 100 ml of miles, 0.9 people die when traveling by train, and only 0.6 on an airplane. That is, the mortality rate on trains is one and a half times higher than the mortality rate on airplanes.

Nowadays, many people have a lot of phobias about traveling on airplanes. This is due to the fact that colossal accidents occur almost every year, which all the media talk about. But this does not mean that flying on airplanes is very dangerous. In fact, many more people die from car accidents. The most interesting thing is that most people believe that there are no survivors after a plane crash. Actually this is not true. A third of all passengers die. While in a car accident half.

Statistics from insurance companies also speak in favor of the aircraft. In case of a car accident the payments are small, but in case of a plane accident they are simply huge. Therefore, we can agree that no one would pay huge amounts of money if plane crashes happened very often.

According to statistical estimates, which were based on the number of victims in plane crashes, aviation was the safest mode of transport. The second and third places belong to water and railway transport, respectively.

The most interesting thing is that passengers, on the contrary, consider the plane the most dangerous form of transport. This is due to the fact that the media publicize any plane crash. At the same time, few people talk about train accidents. If you resort to statistics, when traveling by plane every day, the probability of death is very low. If you use air transport every day, you could get into a plane crash in the 21st century.

There are certain statistics on the most reliable modes of transport. Insurance companies also confirm this. The most money is given when insuring water and air transport.

Security Statistics:

1. Airplane
2. Train
3. Bus
4. Automobile
5. Minibus taxi
6. Ship
7. Metro
8. Bike
9. Motorbike

According to statistics, you can safely use air transport, it is truly the most reliable.

As you can see, people's opinions and statistics are completely different. Many people are afraid of an airplane, although in fact this type of transport is the safest.

VIDEO: Safe mode of transport

The National Union of Liability Insurers has compiled an accident rate rating for passenger transport in Russia. The analysis used statistics from compulsory carrier liability insurance, which has been in force in our country for five years. Vice-President of the National Union of Liability Insurers Svetlana Gusar told the details in an interview with RG.

Aloha Airlines Boeing 737 was able to land in 1988 after part of its skin was torn off at an altitude of more than 7 kilometers. Then only one person on board died. Photo: AP Archive

Svetlana Viktorovna, what type of transport in Russia today is the most dangerous for passengers, based on your statistics and how did you make the calculations?

Svetlana Gusar: During the implementation of the law on compulsory liability insurance for carriers, we managed to accumulate a large amount of data. It allows us to speak quite confidently about many indicators. In order to estimate such a parameter as the accident rate, we calculated the number of victims out of 10 million passengers transported by each mode of transport. Water transport is still in first place. With a relatively small number of passengers carried by this type of transport, the number of victims is the most impressive - 120 people per 10 million. This figure is the result of several major incidents that have recently occurred on the water. They had a major impact on statistics.

Air transport takes second place in this ranking. Here it is necessary to clarify that we are mainly talking about helicopters. Airplanes mainly operate flights not only within the country, but also abroad, so airlines are exempt from the need to insure their passengers under the Russian law on carrier liability. They are allowed to purchase an international policy that complies with the requirements of international law. So, in the helicopter transportation segment, for every 10 million passengers transported, there are 30 casualties.

If you look at the number of dead, not the wounded, the picture turns out to be somewhat different. In first place will be air transport, where the highest death toll is 23 people per 10 million passengers. Water - on the second. They are followed by automobile passenger transportation, and specifically in the segment of intercity rather than urban transportation.

How can this be explained?

Svetlana Gusar: I think mainly at high speeds: in city conditions you can’t drive too hard. Moreover, there is also a seasonal factor. In summer, there are more accidents with injuries on vehicles. It would seem that it should be the other way around: in winter both the weather conditions and the road are worse. But there are more accidents in the summer: drivers relax and violate the speed limit more often. In addition, the intensity of transportation increases sharply with the start of holidays, and higher traffic speeds in the summer, which are ensured by good road conditions, unfortunately lead to more serious accidents.

The largest number of injured passengers are on water transport. Helicopters come in second place

We also monitor such an indicator as the average number of victims in one accident. And here, inland water transport is still leading. In second place is intercity bus transportation. In water transport, the average number of victims in one accident is 11 people, in the intercity segment - 2.5 people.

Svetlana Gusar: Trams and commuter trains are the two main categories with the lowest rates of deaths and injuries per 10 million passengers.

What is the average payment to passengers injured in an accident on a particular type of transport?

Svetlana Gusar: The main part of payments under this type of insurance is made for damage caused to the life and health of the passenger. The payment for the deceased is 2 million 25 thousand rubles. In terms of health, if you look at all types of transport as a whole, the average payment, as we say, “with bruises” (minor bruises, for which the law requires a minimum compensation of 1 thousand rubles. - Ed.) is about 183.5 thousand rubles. Without “bruises” the average payment is about 246 thousand rubles.

The indicator varies quite a lot depending on the type of transport. The largest payments for damage caused to health in air transport - for passengers, such accidents always result in the most serious damage, and often even lead to death.

Are all passengers insured today?

Svetlana Gusar: Insurance under the law on compulsory carrier liability covers almost all types of passenger transport. The only exception today is passenger taxis. The metro has a special status. He is not obliged to insure his liability to passengers, but due to the fact that the enterprises are solvent - there are only seven of them in the country, citizens injured in an accident in the metro have the right to receive compensation directly from the metro itself in the same amount as passengers other types of transport. In general, coverage across all transportation segments varies from 85 to 90 percent. This suggests a high degree of passenger protection. A five-year analysis of the law’s operation showed that this is a really working type of insurance, under which 4.3 billion rubles have already been paid.

The lowest rates of dead and injured passengers are on trams and commuter trains.

This is also a definite milestone in Russian legislation, since for the first time in the history of Russia, fixed amounts of insurance payments for damage to the health of victims were introduced at the level of compulsory insurance, which are determined not by the actual costs of treatment incurred by a person, but only by the degree of harm caused. These payments are usually much higher. It is also important to note that the basis for calculating such payments was fixed from the very beginning at a very high level - 2 million rubles. For example, when compared with possible payments to the victim under compulsory motor liability insurance, payments for passengers are four times higher. Imagine, for the same injury, a person, being a bus passenger or a pedestrian, will receive two different payments, the value of which differs four times!

Perhaps it would be worth bringing payments for all types of insurance to a single denominator.

Svetlana Gusar: We know that the Ministry of Finance has unification plans. But any increase in payment limits comes down to an increase in the cost of insurance. And if now we simply raise the limit to 2 million under compulsory motor liability insurance, this will absolutely have a significant impact on tariff policy. This is now a deterrent. Therefore, the state is taking very cautious progressive steps in terms of increasing limits.

By the way, another advantage of the law on carrier liability is that payments under it do not have a statute of limitations. Even if a person does not exercise his right to compensation immediately after an accident, he may be able to apply for payment later. We have events that are announced after three, four years, simply because people either did not know or were busy restoring their health, and they had no time to run to insurance companies. There are not very many of them, but nevertheless they exist.

The average time from the date of the incident to the day of filing an application for compensation is now 148 days. From the date of the event to the date of payment - 178 days - this includes the period for providing missing documents and resolving other issues that arise in the process of settling the loss.

It is worth remembering that a transport emergency, as a result of which a passenger was injured, must be documented - this is necessary to receive compensation. Since most incidents in passenger transport are accidents involving buses, the main documents confirming the fact and circumstances of the harm caused are traffic police documents. Also, such a document for any type of transport can be an act, which, in accordance with a recent order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia, after each incident, the carrier himself is obliged to draw up.

If an insurance company loses its license, who pays compensation to passengers injured in an accident?

Svetlana Gusar: For this purpose, there is a NSSO and a compensation fund - a mandatory attribute of all laws on compulsory liability insurance. It is formed from contributions from insurance companies. According to the law on compulsory liability insurance for carriers, three rubles from every hundred rubles go to the compensation fund.

Fortunately, we still don’t have many companies going out of business. And all recent cases of exit from the market involve the transfer of the insurance portfolio. In this case, the contracts concluded by the insurer leaving the market are transferred to the service of another insurance company and do not disappear anywhere. The new insurer assumes responsibility and makes payments in accordance with the terms of the accepted insurance contract, without using the funds of the compensation fund.

The super cruise liner MSC Splendida arrived at the Vladivostok Marine Station. There are 4 thousand people on board. According to international law, all of them must be insured. Photo: RIA News

If the portfolio was not transferred, then the NSSO is responsible for all obligations of such negligent insurers to the victims, making compensation payments.

They are going to extend carrier liability insurance to taxis. What could be the cost of insurance for taxi drivers?

Svetlana Gusar: The State Duma may consider a bill on insurance for taxi passengers during the autumn session of 2018. The amendments in any case provide for a transition period of one year. During this time, tariffs will be developed, and taxi drivers themselves will be able to prepare for the new rules. So the bill will come into force no earlier than the end of 2019.

According to preliminary estimates, the cost of an insurance contract for one car can be about 3-5 thousand rubles per year. This will add no more than 3 rubles to the cost of one trip.

But taxi drivers are still complaining that they have difficulties concluding contracts under compulsory motor liability insurance with a special mark. Allegedly, due to the high accident rate of this type of transport, insurers do not want to work with taxi drivers. Will this problem also arise under the law on carriers' liability?

Svetlana Gusar: The problem of MTPL availability is not limited to taxis. It is determined by a single factor - tariff setting. According to statistics, the frequency of accidents in the taxi segment is actually three times higher than in the case of conventional cars. But this doesn't really say anything. I'll explain why. An ordinary person drives his car for an hour in the morning and an hour in the evening. Taxi drivers actually drive for 20 hours - this is the average operating time of a taxi per day. They drive 10 times more, but their accident rate is only three times higher than that of ordinary motorists. It is clear that this high accident rate is due only to the intensity of vehicle use. If you were an insurer and understood that your taxi payments exceeded your fees, you would also try to somehow limit the influx of taxi driver clients. This alone causes the problem with concluding contracts under compulsory motor liability insurance.

As for the availability of carrier liability insurance, I have never heard of anyone being unable to buy insurance - we have no such complaints in the association. The thing is that under compulsory motor liability insurance 90 percent of payments, if not more, are payments “for hardware”. According to the law on carrier liability, 97 percent of payments are compensation for harm to life and health. At the same time, fortunately, there are significantly fewer accidents with deaths and injuries than cases of damage to hardware. In addition, the cost of restoring a car depends on inflation and the dollar exchange rate. "Hardware" is, unfortunately, tied to the need to purchase spare parts, the cost of which also very much depends on the mentioned factors. Payments under the law on insurance of carriers' liability to passengers exist independently of this dependence. Therefore, there are no problems with concluding contracts for this type of insurance, and they are also unlikely to arise in the future.

Help "RG"

The law on compulsory insurance of civil liability of carriers to passengers for damage to life, health and property has been in force in Russia since 2013. Its requirements apply to almost all types of transport, including bus and trolleybus transportation. Taxis were not included in the law at the stage of its development and approval due to the fact that this market was not regulated at that time.

The maximum payment for damage to life and health under the law on carrier liability reaches two million rubles. Compensation for damage caused to luggage is also provided, up to 23 thousand rubles. The protection of passenger taxi passengers is now provided within the framework of compulsory motor liability insurance with a special mark, according to which the maximum payment for harm to life and health does not exceed 500 thousand rubles.

An airplane is the safest form of transport on Earth; even cars and trains are significantly inferior in safety to airplanes. Despite this, with each new disaster there are more and more aerophobes. Many people in the world are afraid of airplanes, mistakenly believing that other modes of transport are much safer. Is it true that there is a high chance of an accident? And can an airplane be called the safest mode of transport? We need to figure it out.

Statistics and odds

To determine that an airplane is the safest mode of transport, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the statistics. On average, seventeen disasters are officially registered per year. It is important to understand that these sad events occurred not only in Russia, but throughout the world. Over the hundred years of the existence of civil aviation, one hundred thousand people have become victims of plane crashes during flights. That's less than the rate of car accidents per year.

It is worth noting: there are no fewer crashes on cargo flights than there are on passenger flights, which is another argument in favor of choosing an airplane. The chance of falling is so small that a person is more likely to die from a lightning strike than from a plane crash. Statistical analysis led to the conclusion that public opinion regarding transport safety is based on fears and superstitions.

Flight safety

It is worth mentioning the positive qualities of flying. This is the fastest mode of transport. We can also say that the safest mode of transport is an airplane. To agree with this statement, all flight histories must be studied. As you can see, the list of plane crashes is small.

Engine failure

Flying is the safest form of travel. This has been proven for centuries since the beginning of aviation. The plane flies thanks to its wings; during landing, takeoff and flight, its movements are controlled by engines. But what happens if they refuse?

If one engine fails, the passenger will not feel it because the plane can be controlled by the second engine. And even if both break down, the plane will not fall down at a right angle, but will glide in the air for about two hundred kilometers indefinitely.

Turbulence

It is not often that you meet a person who has not encountered turbulence while flying. Everyone describes it as pitching. What is it? Turbulence is when, when liquids or gases accelerate in the external environment, vortices are formed that irritate the external environment.

Many passengers wonder: can turbulence cause a tragedy? This can't happen. The plane is designed in such a way that in order for it to fall due to turbulence, a force is needed that can only be found in the atmosphere of the planet Jupiter.

Pilots try to fly around the turbulence zone, and airplanes can endure incredible shaking, so in terrestrial conditions the chance of falling from turbulence tends to zero. Only once in the history of mankind has an airplane crashed due to turbulence, when the pilot decided to fly over a volcano. Therefore, turbulence is only a comfort issue, not a safety issue.

Flying in bad weather

Pilots have an excellent understanding of weather conditions. A certain time before departure, they look at the forecast for the route to avoid getting caught in a storm. If the weather forecast does not comply with safety regulations, the flight is canceled or rescheduled to another day. Before starting their career, pilots undergo many tests on simulators, learning to act decisively and calmly in any situation.

How much does wind shear affect flight?

Wind shear is a sudden change in air movement and/or speed over a short distance in the atmosphere. This is an important factor affecting the aircraft during takeoff and landing. It applies not only to airplanes, but also to other types of aircraft.

Wind shear occurs in the lowest layers of the atmosphere (up to one hundred meters in height). Modern aircraft have more mass, which makes them more inert. High inertia does not allow the aircraft to quickly change its speed. Keeping an airplane at this speed while flying through different wind levels results in a change in speed in the air. Because of this, the plane follows a trajectory lower than expected, making the landing dangerous.

What's really dangerous?

Icing is when the outside of an airplane becomes covered in ice. Occurs when flying in the sky with supercooled drops of water. This is very dangerous, since icing worsens the controllability of the aircraft and makes it heavier. The result could be an accident or even a plane crash. Even at the airport, the plane can become icy at sub-zero temperatures. Before the flight, the ship is treated with a special liquid that stops the formation of ice. They douse every external part of the aircraft, from the wings to the stabilizer. In the atmosphere, icing is unlikely, but possible.

Causes

There are three main causes of plane crashes:

1. Staff error.
2. Technical difficulites.
3. Act of terrorism.

Let's consider each of them separately.

Personnel error

It must be understood that personnel error means not only the wrong step of the pilots during the flight, but also the unprofessional work of maintenance and operation specialists, technicians, dispatchers, and operators. After all, it is impossible to predict human actions, and flight is a complex sequence of technical processes that requires strict control.

The majority of plane crashes are due to the human factor, as official statistics show. However, technology is moving forward rapidly. Every year, aviation engineers develop new automatic systems and design new generation aircraft, which reduces the role of humans in flight to a minimum.

Technical difficulites

Bad and cheap equipment can easily fail at any inconvenient moment, but even high-quality automation fails. Equipment failure is a common cause of plane crashes; about a third of crashes happen precisely because of this.

The main causes of operational problems are malfunctions of the on-board computer and navigation systems. It is very difficult to find out the exact cause of these breakdowns. Taking this into account, airlines are purchasing new and safe aircraft, abandoning outdated models.

Act of terrorism

Since the middle of the last century, terrorist attacks have become a major problem affecting flight safety. Most often, terrorists hijack a ship or plant explosives on an airplane. Such disasters, unfortunately, take many lives.

Is it dangerous to fly on airplanes? As you can see, the statistics of falls are low, and their causes are rare situations from which no one on earth is immune.

If you are planning a trip and want to find out what is the safest mode of transport, the statistics will speak for themselves. Many people are afraid to fly by plane and try to choose a car when traveling. But still, let's look back at the world statistics:

What is the safest mode of transport in the world?

10th place. Motorcycle (moped scooter)
125 deaths per 1.5 billion km.

9th place. Bike
35 deaths per 1.5 billion km.

8th place. Metro
25 deaths per 1.5 billion km.

7th place. Water passenger transport (ship, yacht, steamship, etc.)
20 deaths per 1.5 billion km.

6th place. Spaceship. (don't ask how he got into this statistic)
At 1.5 billion km. accounts for 7 deaths.

5th place. Minibuses.
5 deaths per 1.5 billion km.

4th place. Automobile
4 deaths per 1.5 billion km.

3rd place. Bus
One human life per 1.5 billion km.

2nd place. Train
0.2 deaths per 1500000000 km. ways.

1 place. Airplane
The probability of dying is 1:8000000.

The safest mode of transport statistics in Russia

In Russia the rating is somewhat different. Rail transport is considered the first place in terms of safety in Russia, and airplanes are in second. Third place goes to passenger cars.

Why is an airplane the safest form of transport?

Every day we read in the newspapers about accidents on the roads. Most often, the drivers themselves are to blame for this. It's sad, but we don't think about the total number of victims. After all, in a plane crash, 200, 300, 400 people die immediately, and in a car accident, 2-3 people die.

But if you find out that about 100 people die on the roads in Russia every day? Daily! How often do plane crashes happen?

It seems to us that passengers have no chance of survival in a plane crash. But this is not entirely true. Not all aircraft breakdowns and pilot errors result in the death of passengers. History is full of miraculous rescues in plane crashes, as well as stupid deaths on the road.