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Delhi

capital of India. Founded in XI in. on the site of the ancient city of Indraprastha, which is mentioned in ind. epic "Mahabharata". In other Greek. geographer Claudius Ptolemy (c. 90-160) the city is referred to as Indrabara. In these names, Indra - the mythical king of the gods, bara - "great". Later, the ruler of the Mauryan dynasty, Raja Dillu, established his capital here. The name of the city, which in Hindi sounds Dilli, is presumably associated with the name of this raja. As part of modern cities distinguish between Old and New Delhi. Old Delhi was built by Shah Jahan in the 17th in. and bears his name - Shahjahanabad (abad "city") ; New Delhi (New Delhi) arose after the transfer in 1911 G. to Delhi the capital of India from Kolkata.

Geographical names of the world: Toponymic dictionary. - M: AST. Pospelov E.M. 2001 .

Delhi

(Delhi), the capital India, to the center. parts Indo-Gangetic Plain , on the right bank Jumny. 9817 thousand inhabitants (2002). It is believed that the city was founded by the heroes of the Mahabharata in the 12th century. BC e. and was called Indraprastha . Name dilly appeared in the I-II centuries, when a raja named Dilli founded his capital here. The rapid growth of the city began in the 12th century, shortly after the invasion of the Islamic conquerors. At first the city was the capital of the Delhi Sultanate, then the Mughal Empire and British India. Only three times the capital was transferred to other cities: in the XIV century. for 10 years in Dilatabad, in the XVI century. to Agra and Fatehpur Sikri, in the 19th century. to Calcutta. D. almost did not change its position and name. Modern D. combines on its territory 7 capitals that arose after the 11th century. New Delhi became the eighth after being moved here in 1911–12. capital of British India from Calcutta. Despite the endless series of invasions and destruction, the city's nodal position on the plain between the desert Tar and mountains Aravali and Himalayas led him to an invariable revival. In his appearance, the fabulousness of Hinduism, asceticism and the severity of Islam are woven with Persian sophistication and British harmony. To the south outskirts in Mahrauli (the first capital), the Qutb Minar minaret, 72.6 m high (1220) has been preserved; not rusting for many centuries yellow. 4th century column dedicated to the God Vishnu. Nearby developed. second and third capitals ( Siri and Jahanpannaha ). East is the fourth capital Tughlaqabad - a fortress city with high stone walls 6.5 km long. Fifth capital Firozabad - downtown. sixth Purana Qila ("old fortress") is located nearby and was built on the site of ancient Indraprastha, on the banks of the Jamna in the 16th century. The walls and towers have been preserved; the ditches are still partly filled with water. The seventh capital is Old D. proper, or Shahjahanabad , - located to the north of modern. city ​​center. Part of the walls, the Red Fort (Lal-Kila), surrounding the imperial palace, have been preserved. The flag of independent India was raised in it; museums. To the west of the fort stretches a straight Chandni-Chowk ("silver") street with shops of jewelers and artisans. Near the Fort, Jamna Masjid, or the Pyatnitskaya Mosque (1651–56), is one of the outstanding monuments of Islamic architecture. Industrial production is concentrated in Old D. potential of the city: flour, cotton paper, polygraph. and metalworking pr-tiya, artist. crafts. New Delhi was intensively built until 1931 as the capital of a huge empire: government buildings; large areas for office ceremonies. Rajpath, a spacious park street with a width of 358 m, leads from the Arc de Triomphe to the Presidential Palace. Residential areas are located freely, they have a lot of greenery. Foreign embassies occupy a separate quarter. The modern production: chemical, electronic, production of car parts, etc. In 1977, the ban on the construction of tall buildings within the city was lifted.

Dictionary of modern geographical names. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria. Under the general editorship of Acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. 2006 .

Delhi - the capital of India (cm. India) since 1947, administratively includes Old and New Delhi (New Delhi), other districts. The official capital is New Delhi. The administrative center of the Union Territory of Delhi. Population - 13 million inhabitants (2000), including New Delhi - 1.8 million people.
It is located in the northern part of India, on the high right bank of the Jumna River, a tributary of the Ganges, at the foot of the hilly Aravali ridge (at an altitude of 216 m). The climate is monsoon. Spring and summer are hot (the hottest period is March - June, the average temperature in July is +31 °C), winters are warm (the average temperature in January is +14.2 °C). Precipitation is 660 mm per year (the maximum amount during the monsoon rains is July-October).
One of the leading industrial centers of India: light, chemical-pharmaceutical, glass, ceramic, food, construction, printing, engineering, metallurgical industries. Artistic crafts and hand weaving retain their importance. Two airports (Palam - international, Safdarjang - local).
Four universities (including J. Nehru University, University of Delhi). Academy of Music and Dance, "Lalit Kala Akademi" (Academy of Fine Arts). Library and planetarium. Nehru, library. Gandhi. Children's Palace, National Children's Museum and Aquarium, Shankar Children's Library. The National Museum (the largest in the country), the National Gallery of Modern Art, the Museum of Applied Crafts and the "Village Complex", the International Puppet Museum, the Museum of the History of Railway Transport, the Museum of Natural History, the memorial museums of Mahatma Gandhi, J. Nehru, Indira Gandhi.
Delhi is one of the oldest cities in the world. In ancient times it was known as Indraprastha (approximately 13-12 centuries BC). Some Indian scholars, who do not question the authenticity of mythical events, believe that the creation of Indraprastha can be attributed to the 30th-25th centuries. BC e.
According to legend, Delhi was founded by Raja Dehlu (Dhilu) on the ruins of Indraprastha. The city then adopted its current name, possibly in memory of the founder. The modern name is Delhi - an anglicized version of the word "Dilli". For the first time, approximately under this name, the city was mentioned in the 1-2 centuries. n. e. Ptolemy, who visited India in the 2nd century. n. e., depicted on his map the place "Daidala". Its mark almost coincides with the modern coordinates of the city.
In the Middle Ages, the city was transferred several times within the territory of modern Delhi. The history of early Delhi before the beginning of the Muslim conquest (mid-12th century) is so full of legends that it is sometimes difficult to separate events that actually took place from fiction. The documented history of the city begins only from the 11th-12th centuries.
In 1206 it became the capital of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1526 - the Mughal Empire. In 1803 it was captured by the British. It was one of the centers of the Indian uprising of 1857-1859. In 1911, the capital of British India was moved from Calcutta to Delhi (Old City) and New Delhi (New Delhi) began to be built. After India won its independence (1947), the importance of its capital as an administrative, economic and cultural center greatly increased.
Among researchers of the history of Delhi, there is no consensus on how many settlements existed on the territory of the current Indian capital. J. Nehru wrote that seven Delhi were noted in history, and New Delhi is the eighth city built on this ancient land. Modern historians believe that there were three main settlement centers around which up to 16 fortifications and settlements existed in different historical epochs:
Indraprastha (Indrapat) - the city of the time of the legendary Pandava brothers; Lalkot (Lal-Kot) - the city of the king Anangpala of the 12th century; the city of Prithviraja Chauhan (Rai Pithora) of the 12th century; the capital of Kutbuddin Aibek in the 12th-13th centuries; Kilokheri - a city of the times of Jalaluddin Khilji in the 13th century; Siri - the city of Alauddin Khilji since 1304; Tughlaqabad - the city-fortress of Giyasuddin Tughlaq 1321-1325; Jahan Panah - the city of Muhammad Shah Tughlaq of the 14th century; Adilabad - the city of Muhammad-ibn-Tuglaq of the 14th century; Firozabad (Firozshah-Kotla) - the city of the times of Firozshah 1354-1388; Khizarabad - the city of the Sayyid ruler Khizr Shah (Khizr Khan) since 1414; Mubarakabad - the city of the Sayyid ruler Mubarak Shah (1421-1451) - is not traced archaeologically; Din Panah - the city of the time of Emperor Humayun since 1533; Salimgarh; Shahjahanabad - the capital of the Great Moghuls since 1638; New Delhi - since 1911

Historical and architectural monuments
Delhi was the capital of powerful empires and small sultanates, witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties. High minarets, palaces, majestic temples, beautiful mausoleums and impregnable forts have always delighted and surprised travelers. There are more than a thousand historical and architectural monuments in Delhi.

Minaret Qutub Minar
The Qutub Minar Minaret is the tallest tower in India, one of the tallest minarets in the world, only the minaret of the Sultan Hassan Mosque in Cairo is higher. Qutub Minar is called the "seventh wonder of Hindustan". Height - 72.55 m, diameter at the base - 15.5 m, diameter at the top - 2.44 m. Qutb Minar is built of red sandstone, above its third tier there are strips of white marble. Noticeably different from traditional Muslim minarets. With its characteristic "corrugated" surface, it vaguely resembles the Shikhara tower of a Hindu temple. 24 faces cut it vertically, and some of them are rectangular, while others are round. The balconies are at a height of 33, 49, 63, 71 m.
The Qutub Minar was built gradually. The first floor of the tower, Vijay Stambh (Column of Victory), was erected in 1191. In 1199, the first floor was allegedly remade by the Muslim ruler Qutbuddin Aibek, after which it received a new name - Qutb Minar. The descendants of Aibek completed the second and third floors in 1210-1236, and the fourth and fifth were added under Emperor Firuzshah Tughlak in 1370. Previously, Qutb Minar was crowned with a dome that collapsed during the earthquake of 1803: the dome remained lying in the garden near the tower. As a result of earthquakes and rains, the ancient tower tilted somewhat, but survived "thanks to the sayings" from the Koran, carved in Arabic script on its outer surface.

Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque
Kuvwat-ul-Islam Mosque (Arabic for “the power of Islam”) is the first mosque on Indian soil. Kutb-ud-din Aibek, the famous commander of Muhammad Guri, who conquered Delhi in 1191, turned the temple of the god Vishnu (1143) into a mosque (1192-1198); at the same time, the temple was deprived of Hindu idols, stone carvings on the walls were chipped off. Stone from 27 Hindu and Jain temples destroyed by Qutb-ud-din was also used in the construction of the mosque. The mosque was greatly expanded in 1229 and 1310.
Only the facade wall and fragments of the prayer hall with stone columns covered with images of people and animals have survived. The facade wall is decorated with ornamental carvings combining traditional Indian floral ornaments with Arabic inscriptions. The height of the preserved arches of the mosque is up to 16.5 m, the width of the walls is 7.7 m.
In 1311, Sultan Alauddin Khilji added to the mosque the majestic gates of Alai-Darvaza, or the Gate of Allah. Decorated with fine marble carvings, the arch of this gate (height 18.3 m) resembles a curved horseshoe in shape. Opposite Alai-Darvaz in 1311, the sultan began the construction of the Alai-Minar tower, ordering it to be twice as high as Qutb Minar, but after the death of Alauddin in 1315, work ceased, and the tower was not completed.

iron column
In front of the central arch of the Kuvwat-ul-Islam mosque, the famous Iron Column rises - one of the most mysterious monuments of Indian culture. The column is an iron pillar 7.2 m high with a diameter of 41.7 cm at the base and 30.5 cm at the top. The column weighs almost 6 tons, its pure iron is 99.72%. It is noteworthy that despite temperature fluctuations, high humidity and the time that has passed since its creation, the column does not bear any traces of rust! The ancient secret of such metal processing has not yet been unraveled.
The origin of the Iron Column has not been precisely established. Some historians claim that according to the Sanskrit inscription on the column, it was cast in 895 BC. e. by order of Raja Dhava, who then ruled in Delhi. Muslim chroniclers prove that it was brought from the northern Muslim countries. Still others, according to the word "Chandra" found in the inscription on the column, call it the creator of Emperor Chandragupta II (5th century). There is a version that it was cast during the time of the Mahabharata and transported to the ancient capital of India, Magadha (Bihar), and later to Delhi, where it was installed in the temple of Vishnu by the Rajput prince Anangpal, since his name is also carved on the surface of the column.
The Persian Nadir Shah, who tried to take out the column in 1739, could not pull it out of the ground. Desperate, he ordered to bombard her with cannonballs, which left only minor scratches on the surface of the column.
There is a belief that if someone manages to clasp a pole with his hands, standing with his back to it, then happiness is provided for him for life. Therefore, the metal at the bottom of the column is thoroughly polished by tourists.

Mausoleum of Iltutmysh
The mausoleum of Sultan Shams-ad-Din Iltutmysh was built in 1235 by his daughter Razia Begam, who ruled in Delhi in 1236-1240. Considered one of the oldest Muslim tombs in India. The marble carvings decorating the tomb, classical ornaments and sayings from the Koran are well preserved. Above the white marble tombstone once stood a dome of impressive size. The mausoleum of Alauddin Khilji, built in 1317, is located directly opposite the tomb of Iltutmysh.

Yogmaya temple
At 200 meters from Qutub Minar is the temple of Yogmaya, the sister of the god Krishna. According to legend, this brave goddess fought the cruel king Kansa, who cut Krishna's sister into pieces with a sword and scattered them around the world. In the place where the head of the defeated goddess fell, a temple was built. There is no image of the deity in the temple. Rites are performed near a small recess in the floor, which allegedly remained after the fall of Yogmaya's head. In its modern form, the temple has existed since 1827. Bells are hung at the entrance, which, with their chime, attract the attention of the goddess.
Not far from the temple on a hill stands the mausoleum of Adham Khan, the foster brother of Emperor Akbar. In a fit of anger, Akbar threw his brother off the wall of the Agra fort, but then ordered that a beautiful tomb (1562) be built for him from bluish-gray stone. Merciless time has not preserved either the original color of the walls of the tomb, or its fabulously beautiful mosaics. Only a few panels on the inner plafond have survived. The passages in the walls of the tomb are interestingly made, which is why it was called “bhul-bhulaya”, which means “labyrinth” in translation.
2 km southwest of Qutub Minar is the Darga (tomb) of the holy Kutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki, who died in 1235. Some of the Great Mughals are also buried there, including Bahadur Shah Zafar - the last emperor of India from this dynasty.

Jahaz Mahal
In the town of Mehrauli there is an interesting building made of red sandstone - Jahaz-Mahal ("palace-ship"). Once near this palace there was a large artificial pond, built in 1229-1230. at Iltutmysh. From the graceful pavilions that surrounded the lake or stood right in the water, almost nothing has survived now, but this place is sacred to Muslims, because, as the legends tell, the Prophet on a white horse appeared to Iltutmysh in a dream and indicated the place where the pool should be dug. In the morning, the Sultan discovered a spring at that place! In 1311 in the middle of the lake an arbor - “chhatri” (umbrella) was erected, it was supported by 12 columns.
In Mehrauli, the Phulvalon-ki-sair Flower Fair is held annually: Muslims bring flowers to the Yogmaya temple, and Hindus to Kutbuddin's darga.

Tughlaqabad
The Tughlaqabad fortress (1321-1325) was built to protect against Mongol raids by Giyasuddin Tughlaq. Tughlaqabad consisted of a citadel, palaces and a city square. The perimeter of the walls was 6.5 km, their height was up to 22 m. The city was connected with the outside world by 13 gates. There were seven water reservoirs behind the fortress wall. The largest pool, now dried up, was called "elephant lake" because it was used for bathing elephants.
Today only ruins remain of the city. Giyasuddin's palace was allegedly built of gilded bricks and shone brightly in the sun. There are a number of underground rooms within the fortress wall. It is believed that here, below ground level, Giyasuddin Tughlak lived in beautifully furnished chambers. There was a hole in the ceiling of the rooms for air access, in other rooms there was a garrison of the fortress, shopping arcades.
Even during his lifetime, Giyasuddin built his mausoleum. The tomb was located in the middle of the lake, across which a bridge was thrown from the main gate, the fortress was connected to the mausoleum and an underground passage. The red sandstone tomb itself is topped with a white marble dome and resembles a miniature fort rather than a tomb.
According to legend, during the construction of Tughlaqabad, the Muslim saint Nizamuddin Auliya was working to create a large reservoir, but there were not enough construction workers, which is why the ruler and the saint quarreled. And although both structures were completed on time, Saint Nizamuddin allegedly cursed the fortress (they say that the city will either be completely empty or will be inhabited by Gujars (wild tribes)). And indeed, soon Tughlakabad was abandoned, and at the beginning of the 20th century. archaeologists have discovered that the only inhabitants after the Tuglaks were the Gujar tribes!

Hauz Khas
The Hauz-Khas reservoir was built in 1305. During the reign of Firozshah (1354), restoration work was carried out here and steps to the water were built. Although now the reservoir practically does not exist, the steps are perfectly preserved.
Among the buildings adjacent to Hauz-Khas is the tomb of Firozshah Tughlaq, made in the correct proportions, with a somewhat pointed dome. It was built during the lifetime of Firozshah. Uncomplicated in appearance, inside it amazes with the most interesting color painting of the dome.
The Moth-ki-Masjid (beginning of the 16th century) is known for its unique play of light and shadow, especially at sunrise and sunset. The mosque was allegedly built with the money received from the sale of the harvest obtained over several years from one grain of wheat. The constructed mosque was named so - “The Mosque of one grain”. Its interior has been well preserved.
Not far from Hauz-Khas is the round tower Chor Minar (about 8 m high, 3 m in diameter at the base). There are 225 holes in the walls of the tower, the severed heads of thieves and criminals were exposed in them. When soldiers of enemy armies were taken prisoner, a pyramid of human heads grew next to Chor Minar, because there were not enough holes in the tower...

Red Fort (Lal Qila)
The Red Fort (Lal Qila) holds a special place in the history of India. It was here that on August 15, 1947, the English flag was lowered and J. Nehru raised the flag of independent India for the first time. Built in 1639-1648. Emperor Shah Jahan, the fort until 1857 served as the residence of the rulers of the Mughal dynasty.
The walls of the fort (height - 11 m, perimeter of the walls - 2 km) were higher, thicker and stronger than the city walls. From all sides (except facing the river) the fortress was surrounded by a 9-meter moat. Mosques, official buildings, and the personal quarters of the emperor were gradually erected inside.
In shape, it is an irregular octagon with faces extended to the west and east. The main gate of the fort - Lahore - to the west, in front of them - a large square area. The Lahore Gate is guarded by two stone elephants, one is occupied by sculptures of Raja brothers: these heroes, together with their mother, bravely defended the Chitor fortress from Akbar's troops and died, but did not submit to the conqueror.
On a low stone platform (24 m x 12 m) stands the Divan-i-Am (Hall of General Audience) made of red sandstone. Once the walls of the hall were decorated with silver panels. Divan-i-Am was surrounded by an elegant gilded fence. Behind the fence - the gardens of Mahatab-bagh ("Giving Life"), between the alleys flowed Nehr-i-Bisht ("Paradise Stream").
In the center of the Divan-i-Am rises the white marble structure of Kursi, or the imperial box, next to it stood a multi-colored shamiana (tent), embroidered with pearls, gold threads and adorned with precious stones. In front of Kursi is a low marble elevation, from where the vizier informed the emperor of the news. On the walls - images of birds, floral ornaments and still lifes. During the suppression of the uprising in 1857, most of the precious stones decorating the walls were plundered by the British.
Next to the Diwan-i-Am stands the Rang Mahal ("Colorful Palace"), so named because of its colorful decorations. The ceiling of the Rang Mahal was silver, painted with beautiful floral designs. In one of the walls there are five carved windows, from here the concubines and princesses watched the battles of the elephants. In the center is a small pool with a white marble lotus, decorated with gems carved in the shape of flowers and leaves.
The white marble pavilion of the Diwan-i-Khasa (Hall of Private Audiences) is surrounded on three sides by open arches. The ceiling, once silver, is supported by 32 columns decorated with the finest carvings, which were also inlaid with gems. It was here that the Peacock Throne, taken away in 1739 by the Persian Nadir Shah, adorned with the famous Kohinoor diamond, stood.
On the north side of the Divan-i-Khas are three marble pavilions connected to each other: a prayer hall, a bedroom and a living room. Nearby are bath rooms - Hamam. The carved windows of the Hamam were made of Venetian glass. To the east of the bedroom stands the Samman Burj tower, its dome was golden. Next to Hamam is the white marble Moti Masjid (Pearl Mosque), built in 1662, its gilded domes had to be replaced with marble ones after the Sepoy uprising of 1857.

"Silver Street" door Chandni Chowk
Chandni Chowk is a 3.5 km long bazaar street, where you can buy almost everything, from a pin to a diamond.
Here is the largest Jain temple Digambar Jainpri. In the main hall of the temple there are many images of Jain saints. The temple contains a "bird hospital" - a unique institution, the only one in North India. There are several "wards" in the "hospital". At the end of the “treatment course”, the birds are not returned to their owners, but are released on Sundays into the wild. The crippled birds remain in the hospital for life. On the roof of the temple and the "hospital" you can always see a lot of birds - former patients who do not want to leave such a hospitable shelter! The only animal that, due to its extremely peaceful nature, is granted the privilege of being treated in the "bird hospital" is the rabbit. If a "patient" dies in a "hospital", his ashes are thrown into the river...
The Sis Ganj Sikh temple on Chandni Chowk is considered the main one in Delhi and the second most important in India after the Golden Temple in Amritsar. At this place, the Sikh guru Tegh Bahadur, who refused to convert to Islam, was executed by Emperor Aurangzeb. After the execution, lightning fell, thunder struck, a strong wind rose and, under the cover of a storm, one of the guru's disciples transferred his head to where the Rakabganj temple (New Delhi) is now located.
On the other side of the street is the Central Baptist Church, the earliest Christian church, founded in 1814 and built shortly before the sepoy uprising in 1857. The street ends with the Fatehpuri Mosque (1650), built with donations from one of the court ladies of Shah Jahan Begam Fatehpuri. The height of the minarets of this mosque is 32 m. Inside is a spacious prayer yard, decorated with white and black marble. By its significance, this mosque is the second in Delhi after the Jama Masjid.

Jama Masjid
A little away from Chandni Chowk stands a majestic and at the same time very elegant building - the famous Jama Masjid (Friday, or Cathedral Mosque), one of the largest in the world. Priceless Muslim relics are stored here: a reddish hair from the beard of the Prophet Muhammad, his shoe, the “imprint” of his foot in stone and one of the chapters of the Koran, according to legend, written under the dictation of the prophet.
The height of the mosque is 61.3 meters, the height of the side minarets is 41 meters. Inside - a spacious prayer yard with an area of ​​400 square meters. m. The mosque can accommodate 25 thousand worshipers. The construction was started in 1650 by Emperor Shah Jahan. In 1658 the mosque was inaugurated by Emperor Aurangzeb.
At 800 meters from the Jama Masjid, at the Turkmen Gate, there is the Kalan Masjid mosque (1386), so called because of the black color of its walls - Kali Masjid (“kali” in Hindi means “black”), built by the minister Firuzshah Khan Jahan, who converted from Hinduism to Islam. Not far from this mosque is the tomb of Sultana Raziya, the daughter of Sultan Iltutmysh and the only woman who ruled Delhi in 1236-1240.
The Kashmir Gate is the only gate of Shahjahanabad that has two arches for two-way traffic. In 1857, fierce battles were fought here between the rebellious Indians and British troops. On the stone walls and today you can see traces of bullets and hollows from cannonballs. Near the Kashmir Gate is one of the most elegant churches in Delhi - the Anglican Church of St. James (1836). Its founder, James Skinner, was an Anglo-Indian and served in the army of the Maratha Maharaja, and then moved to the troops of the English king. Beyond the Kashmir Gate are the Qudsiya Gardens, founded in the early 18th century. wife of Emperor Mohammed Shah Qudsiya Begam.
Not far from the gardens is the Ridge, a wooded hilly area where several famous historical monuments are located, including one of the pillars (stambha) of Ashoka, brought to Delhi by Sultan Firuzshah, and the building of the former Secretariat, from where the British ruled India before the construction of New Delhi. Now here is the Delhi University, the main building of which in the past was the residence of the English Viceroy of India.
To the south of the university are the famous Roshanar Gardens, Coronation Park, Shalimar Gardens, the ruins of the famous Shish Mahal (Mirror Palace).
Not far from the Red Fort is the main Tibetan temple of Delhi - a Buddhist vihara built by refugees from Tibet, where tanks, sacred manuscripts and old books on the history of Buddhism in Tibet are stored.

Firozabad
Firozshah-Kotla, or Firozabad, was founded in 1354 by Emperor Firozshah (1351-1388). The outer wall of Firozabad has not been preserved, although the chroniclers claim that the city stretched for more than 9 km along the banks of the Jamna.
Little remains of the ancient city: the ruins of the reception hall, the baoli pool, the round tower and the ruined Jama Masjid mosque. Europeans who visited Delhi in the 17th century noted that the Jama Masjid in Firozabad was crowned with four domes supported by 260 thin columns. Tamerlane prayed in this mosque, later he ordered the construction of a similar one in Samarkand.
Above the palace complex rises the monolithic Ashoka Pillar, made from a single piece of pale orange sandstone. The column was once crowned with a golden dome, later stolen by the Marathas and Jats. The approximate weight of the column is 27 tons, the height is about 12.8 m. In general, the construction of the columns of Ashoka dates back to about 250 BC. e. Inscriptions carved on the columns of the 3rd c. BC e. the ancient Pali language could not be read until the 1830s.

Purana Qila (Old Fortress)
Emperor Humayun started the construction of Purana Qila (Old Fortress) in 1530. During the reign of Sher Shah Suri (1540-1545), the fort was destroyed and rebuilt. Humayun, returning to the throne of Delhi in 1545, fortified the citadel and named it Din Panah.
The fort supposedly stands on the site where the Pandava capital Indraprastha flourished in ancient times. Akbar's chronicle states that by the time of his reign, some sections of the fort's wall were already 1,176 years old.
The perimeter of the massive walls of Purana Qila is about 4 km, their height is up to 18 m, the width in some places is up to 15 m. Three majestic arches lead to the courtyard of the fortress. The fight between a man and a lion is depicted on the northern gate (which is absolutely not typical for Islamic architecture). Perhaps an exception was made for Farid Khan, who killed a lion in a direct fight, since after this incident he became known as Sher Shah ("Shah with a lion's heart").
Today, only two buildings have survived inside the fort - the Kilai-Kuhna mosque, surrounded by an open pavilion, and the two-story Sher Shah Mandal pavilion, which served as the emperor's library and observatory in Humayun's time. On the site of Sher Shah Mandala stood the temple of the Sun, built during the existence of Indraprastha. The Kilai-Kuhna Masjid (1545), created by Shershah Suri, is considered the pinnacle of the Indo-Afghan architectural style: the proportions of the building are strictly maintained, the arches are richly decorated with floral ornaments.
Opposite the western entrance to the fort is the Kher-ul-Minazel mosque (1561), built in the early years of Akbar's reign. The ruins adjacent to the eastern wall of the Old Fort are considered the remains of the ancient Bhairon temple and are revered by Hindus as the oldest architectural monument in Delhi.
Directly adjacent to the Old Fortress is the Delhi Zoo, opened in 1959, one of the largest in the world. From here you can clearly see the building of the Supreme Court of India built after India gained its independence (the height of the dome is 37.6 m).

Mausoleum of Emperor Humayun
One of the most remarkable buildings in Delhi is the mausoleum of Emperor Humayun (1565) from the Mughal dynasty. Humayun himself chose the place for his tomb. For the first time in India, a clearly planned garden was laid out around the tomb, and later such gardens became an indispensable attribute of all monuments of Mughal architecture. The light pink two-story mausoleum 43 m high rests on a massive platform up to 7 m high. The tomb is crowned with a seemingly weightless white marble dome. This building is called the "tomb of the House of the Timurid", for no tomb in India contains such a number of graves of the Mughal emperors. At this place in 1857, the last of the Great Moghuls, Bahadur Shah, surrendered to the British.
In the southeast corner of the garden is a tomb with a blue mosaic dome, said to have been built by Babur in honor of his favorite barber. Immediately behind the wall are Arab-sheds built in the middle of the 16th century. for Arabian pilgrims.

Darga Nizamuddin
On the western side of the Humayun Mausoleum there are a number of noteworthy Muslim monuments in Delhi - the dargah (sacred place of worship) of the Muslim saint Nizamuddin Chishti Auliyi (1325). There are many other mausoleums around his grave, because, given the extraordinary holiness of this place, in the 14th century. entire generations of Delhi sultans chose to be buried here.
Next to the mausoleum stands the Jamat Khan Mosque (Khizri Mosque) made of red sandstone, built in the early 14th century. - the first building in Delhi that fully meets the strict canons of Muslim architecture with skillfully executed arabesques and sayings from the Koran.
The tombs located here amaze with fine marble carvings, among them the most remarkable are the tombs of Shah Jahan's beloved daughter Jahanara Begham and Emperor Muhammad Shah (1719-1748). In the center of the courtyard is the tomb of St. Nizamuddin. Around his mausoleum is a marble veranda. The well-known medieval poet Amir Khosrov Dehlavi (1253-1325) is also buried inside the dargah. Every year, during the November celebrations "urs", coinciding with the day of the death of the poet, musical and poetic competitions "qawvali" and "mushairy" are held here.
Not far from the darga there is a marble pavilion (1869), inside which the great poet Mirza Asadullah Khan, who wrote in the Urdu language, widely known under the pseudonym Mirza Ghalib (1797-1869), is buried. Next to the Ghalib mausoleum stands the beautiful white marble pavilion Chowsath Khamba - a palace of 64 columns built by Emperor Jahangir.

Okkhla and Kalkaji
In Okhla, an industrial suburb of Delhi, there is the Okhla reservoir - one of the most picturesque places in the city, where thousands of citizens flock on Sundays in search of rest from the sweltering heat.
On the way to Okhla, next to the Jamiya Millia Muslim University, there is a white marble mausoleum of Zakir Hussein (President of India in 1967-1969).
Not far from Okhla in the village of Kalkadzhi there is a famous temple (1764) of the goddess Kali. According to legend, the temple stands on the site where thousands of years ago there was a battle between the gods and powerful bloodthirsty giants. The goddess Parvati created the goddesses Kushka and Kali, and all the monsters slain by Kushka were swallowed by the goddess Kali, who decided to settle forever in the battlefield. Since those mythical times, this place has been revered as sacred. Under the foundations of a modern temple, the ruins of a very ancient structure (about 3000 BC) allegedly lie, but since the temple is inviolable, historians have not been able to confirm the reliability of this fact. The entrance to the temple is guarded by two stone lions, with two bells above their heads - when entering and leaving the temple, the visitor must ring the bell, informing the goddess that he is entering the temple and leaving it.

Gardens of Lodi
In a spacious garden near Nizamuddin's darga are the graves of the last rulers of the Lodi dynasty (1450-1526). The architectural style of these monuments differs from the buildings of the Mughal era primarily in the presence of massive domes. At the entrance to the garden rises Bara Gumbad (Big Dome) - a large square building with a massive dome. According to the original plans, Bara Gumbad was supposed to serve as an entrance to the adjoining mosque (1494). On the walls of the prayer hall of the mosque, verses engraved in Arabic from the poem "Gulistan" by the great Persian thinker Saadi (1203-1292) are still preserved.
In the corner of the garden is the mausoleum of Sikander Lodi, the famous sultan commander. Sikander's tomb symbolizes the transition from Lodi to Mughal architectural style. The shady Lodi Road leads to the mausoleum of Safdarjang (1753), which symbolizes the decline of Mughal architecture, as can be judged at least by the very unfortunate proportions of the building.

Lotus Temple
The Lotus Temple, or Baha'i House of Prayer (architect Fariborz Sahba, 1980-1986), was built with voluntary donations. The central hall with a diameter of 75 m for 1300 seats. The height of the temple is 35 m, there is not a single straight line in it. It has the shape of a half-opened lotus flower with 27 petals arranged in three rows. The central row forms the vault of the building in the form of an unopened bud. The petals are made of concrete and lined with white marble. The temple is surrounded by 9 artificial ponds, so it visually "rests" on the water surface.

Encyclopedia of Tourism Cyril and Methodius. 2008 .

Delhi (India) is a vibrant city that attracts travelers with the opportunity to experience many cultures at once. A colorful corner of the country does not go unnoticed by tourists.

To answer the question, where is Delhi, remember that India is divided into states. The capital is located between Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. This is the north of the state.

The city is divided in half by the Jumna River. Another river flows in the same area, but you will not see it in the capital. This is a kind of border separating Delhi from Ghaziabad (neighboring city).

The warmest months are May and June. Winter is dry, cool, but frosts are rare. But fogs are a constant phenomenon for the capital of India.

The settlement was founded 5000 years ago. It is an ancient city with a rich history. It was conquered many times, and each time destroyed, leaving ruins. Archaeological finds indicate that 1000 years BC. e. the legendary Yudhishtira lived here.

For the first time, the status of the capital acquired in the 1st century AD. At that time, the settlement belonged to the Tomar family. Later, the Muslims conquered the city and founded the Sultanate. The city was torn off the face of the earth, then to rebuild. But the monuments of that period have been preserved. In the 14th century, Delhi suffered from the raids of nomads. Timur took out building material to Samarkand on 90 elephants. This is evidenced by written sources.

It was also under the rule of the British. But he did not have in those days such a value as Bombay. 1911 was marked by the founding of a new city - New Delhi. This part was distinguished by the English traditions that prevailed in architecture. Since that time, the capital began to flourish and develop. As a result, the policy is divided into the old, historical part, with centuries-old monuments, and the new, with modern architecture.

Delhi is the capital of India in recent times. The status of the settlement received only in 1931. The event is associated with the formation of New Delhi.

1. More than 16 million people live here. The city is in third place in the world in terms of population.
2. Delhi was formed as a result of the merger of 7 cities that were founded on this place at different times.
3. There are more than 60 thousand monuments, which are considered the most valuable objects in the world.
4. This is a city of contrasts. Perhaps nowhere else in the world you will meet hermit monks and representatives of informal culture walking alongside.
5. Wealth and poverty go hand in hand in Delhi. This is clearly visible.

City population

The populous metropolis was formed as a result of the merger of different cultures. Therefore, it will be possible to find representatives of many nationalities here.

Number and density

The people of Delhi are diverse. About 17 million people live in the agglomeration, in the capital itself the number is estimated at 11 million inhabitants. People come here to work, so the number is increasing every day. The density is more than 11 thousand people per square kilometer.

Language

The inhabitants speak Hindustani (a mixture of Hindi and Urdu), but it is not used in writing. All residents speak English. In this language, negotiations are conducted, classes at school, agreements are signed, literature is published. It will be easy for a tourist who speaks English to communicate here. Delhi people understand English from the cradle, although they do not recognize it as their native language.

Religion

Basically, all residents are Hindus (82%). About 12% of the townspeople are Muslims. The percentage of Christians is insignificant - not even one percent. There are also representatives of other faiths, but they are just as few.

Administrative division

Divided into 9 districts. Each district, in turn, consists of three districts. This must be taken into account when visiting the city.

1. Tourists will be interested in the Old Town. There are a lot of sights preserved from ancient times. The monuments are under the protection of UNESCO.
2. Also attractive is New Delhi with Akshardham, temples, gardens and cultural institutions.
3. People come to Paharganj for shopping. This is a shopping area. There is an incredible number of shops and shops. There are also budget hotels and hostels in the area.

New-Delhi
Paharganj

Economy

It is the business and financial center of the state. People work in the service industry. Developed construction and industry.

Leading industries include:

• finance;
• Information Technology;
• tourism;
• telecommunications.

Note that the industry is developing at an accelerated pace. They produce mainly consumer goods.

Science and education

School education is free. Going to school is not only a right, but also a duty for children up to 15 years of age. Those who wish enter universities and specialized colleges. In total, there are 165 colleges and 14 universities in the capital.

It is considered the city of science. It occupies a leading position in the field of information technology and telecommunications. Now attention began to be paid to such a science as natural science. 30% of the total number of IT specialists work in Delhi. This allows the development and improvement of new technologies. The city is important for the state.

culture

This is an unusual policy, characterized by a mixture of many cultures. Traditions combine Hindu and Muslim customs. They love holidays here and organize them on a grand scale. Especially large-scale events such as Republic Day and Independence Day are held.

Annual religious festivals are organized. This is a vivid sight. Guests come from all over the world. Let's highlight the main ones:

• Diwali;
• Mahavira Jayanti;
• Durga Puja;
• Vasanta-panchami;
• Eid al Adha.

Qutb festival became an event of world significance. Of interest are the kite-flying events and the Mango Festival.

Also called the book capital. A big fair is being organized. 23 countries of the world take part. National dishes, bazaars, street performances - this is all that a tourist will get to know in order to better learn about the culture of the capital.

Architecture

It has become the center of tourism in the state for a reason. The centuries-old architecture of the old part is recognized as a world heritage. People come from all over the world to admire the monuments. The buildings of the Mongolian period (mosques, forts) have been preserved.

New Delhi is the modern part. Designed by Edwin Lutyens. Government and national buildings are represented in the area.

We note the significant architectural monuments that guests get acquainted with:

• Lotus Temple;
• gate of India;
• Humayun's tomb
• Temple of Lakshmi Narayan.

This is not a complete list of monuments; It will take time to see the sights.

Ecological state

Like any large policy, the capital does not boast of a favorable environmental situation. Deforestation, the development of industry and the transport system have led to catastrophic environmental pollution. Ecologists of the world do not cease to sound the alarm. The authorities have repeatedly closed schools in areas with unfavorable conditions. New Delhi is particularly affected. Air pollution exceeds the norm by 16 times.

Transport system

The city of Delhi has a developed transport system. Allocate:

• underground;
• buses;
• cycle rickshaws;
• autorickshaws.

Immerse yourself in the atmosphere of the city and take a ride on an auto-rickshaw (tuk-tuk). But traveling for a long time in a wagon is not very comfortable.

Communication and Internet

In hotels, guests are offered to use free internet. Remember that outside the capital you will find yourself in roaming.

How to relax?

The trip will be favorable if you use the offers of tour operators. Managers will select profitable offers for booking hotels in areas with favorable environmental conditions. The city is huge and difficult to navigate. It is better to ask a guide for help. The sightseeing program will allow you to get an idea of ​​the metropolis and see the main attractions.

Sightseeing

The capital of India is full of monuments. Tourists are attracted by grandiose buildings, majestic temples, gardens and cultural institutions of the capital. If you are traveling on your own, head to the Old Town. This is the historical part of the capital. Centuries-old buildings are located here.

View:

1. Red Fort. A complex preserved from the Mongolian period. Inspection will take time, the territory is impressive. The composition includes palaces, baths, gardens. To get there, use the subway.
2. Mosque Jama Mashid. Active object. The largest Muslim building in the country. Located near the previous attraction.
3. Kashmir Gate. This is the old entrance to the city. Museum object.
4. The Spice Market is the largest bazaar in Asia. The bazaar is more than 4 centuries old. Appeared during the time of the Mongols. A colorful place.

Jama Mashid Mosque

In the modern part, pay attention to government buildings (President's Palace). Also here are interesting sights:

• gateway to India;
• mausoleums;
• temples.

Visit the Qutub Minar, the tallest minaret.

Qutub Minar Presidential Palace

Entertainment

For entertainment, head to New Delhi. Fans of outdoor activities will enjoy the famous golf clubs. Here you will find swimming pools, and bars, and parks.

Adventure Island is a famous water park, the largest in the country. Suitable for family holidays. Don't miss the Delhi Zoo. This is the best zoological garden in Asia.

Tourists do not miss the chance to go to conquer the peaks of the Himalayas. Special excursion programs are organized.

Clubs and bars await visitors at night. The establishments are equipped with hotels. Lithium and Privee are popular. Tourists speak flatteringly about Blues and Seabo bars. There is entertainment for every guest in the Indian capital.

shopping

Polis will appeal to shopaholics. Basically, tourists go to the Main Bazaar, but there are many other shopping centers in the capital. Note:

• DLF Courtyard;
• Select Citywalk;
• Pacific Mall;
• Ambiance Mall;
• DLF Promenade;
• DLF Emporio.

These are the largest centers - you can buy anything you want. Arranged in groups, so spend the day browsing the stalls and moving from one outlet to another. The centers have cafes where you can try national cuisine and dishes from other countries.

Markets open on weekends. It is customary to bargain here. It is possible to bring down the price by 2-3 times. They pay only in local currency, dollars and euros will not be accepted. Janpath is notable. It will turn out to buy Tibetan goods and souvenirs.

Russian-speaking travelers are attracted by Yashwant Place. Buy jewelry, textiles, leather, souvenirs. Feature - sellers speak Russian. In stores, payment by card is possible.

National musical instruments, saris, hats, sweets, and jewelry are brought as souvenirs.

Where to stay?

There are first-class hotels, hotels and hostels in the capital. It is possible to rent private apartments or flats. It is better to do this in advance, online. Then there will be no problems with where to spend the night. Managers will recommend ecologically clean areas and budget options, taking into account the preferences of the tourist.

Hotels enjoy a reputation:

• Crown Plaza;
• Eros.

Room rates start at $120 per night. Budget options, such as Arit or Clark, will cost less - it will take from $ 40.

Traveling to the Indian capital is a suitable option for those who want to get new experiences. Vivid emotions are provided to travelers. Colorful festivals, amazing monuments will remain in memory for a long time. This is the corner of the planet where you want to return again. Delhi will allow you to get a complete picture of the origin and culture of the country.

One of the most beautiful cities in the country. In Delhi, located in the north of the country, the government sits. In a growing metropolis larger than Beijing and New York, life is literally in full swing. In the city, life is in full swing, the city is overflowing with people.

In ancient times, Delhi was the center of various religions and empires, each of which tried to perpetuate itself in temples and monuments. Monuments and buildings of Delhi reflect the unity of antiquity and modernity of the country, which is trying to take its place in the global economy.

Sights of Delhi

South of New Delhi, in the old part of the city, rises to 73 meters - the tallest brick minaret in the world and the main attraction of Delhi. This is not a straight tower, it was specially built slightly inclined so that if it falls, it will not fall on the mosque. On the territory of the architectural complex Qutub Minar, there is also black iron post dated to the 4th century. This iron column reaches a height of 7 meters and weighs about 6 tons. The pillar was first forged and then rolled on the sand, and now the silicon contained in the sand keeps it from rusting.

One of the main attractions of Delhi is an architectural miracle -. This is one of seven such temples in the world - one on each continent. The building was probably called the Lotus Temple for its shape, reminiscent of this sacred flower. Since its construction in 1986, it has been visited by 50 million people. Every day it is visited by about 10 thousand people, it is one of the most visited buildings in the world.

Akshardham - the largest Hindu temple in the world. This building is quite new - it was opened in 2005. The temple was erected at the expense of voluntary donations, which in total amounted to 500 million US dollars. This grandiose building reaches a height of 42 meters, its width is 94 meters, and its length is 106 meters. This architectural complex impresses with its luxury and beauty of decoration - it is decorated with more than 20 thousand sculptures. Also, the temple is decorated with numerous columns, domes and pyramidal towers.

The Taj Mahal Hotel opened in New Delhi in 1903., represents the best numbers in the country. Ranging from antique white marble to beautifully designed rooms, the hotel combines old world aesthetics with modern conveniences. Each of the 565 rooms is tastefully decorated and represents architectural perfection.

Delhi is home to the famous India Gate.- a memorial built in memory of the fallen soldiers who fell during the First World War and the Anglo-Afghan wars. The memorial is an arch 42 meters high, at the foot of which an eternal flame burns, and the names of more than 90 thousand dead soldiers are carved on the arch itself.

After the first Indian War of Independence in 1857, she took control of Delhi. In memory of the struggle for independence, throughout Delhi, monuments to the great spiritual teacher Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi is one of the most respected world leaders of all time.

In the center of Delhi is the city's first open bazaar. The stalls sell goods from all over India - a real kaleidoscope of rich and varied goods produced by Indian artisans and artists. "Dilli" means Delhi and "Haat" means Bazaar. In this bazaar, you can see products from all states of India.

1. The best time to travel to Delhi is from February to April.

2. If you go on a trip to Delhi, you should definitely take sunscreen with you in order to avoid the unpleasant consequences associated with this factor.

3. Do not forget that you should drink water in plastic bottles. Water from the local water supply can be used exclusively as technical water.

4. Vegetables and fruits purchased at spontaneous markets should be washed several times before use, or better, rinsed with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

5. The most optimal means of transportation (both in terms of price and speed) is the metro. If you come to Delhi for a few days, it is best to buy a tourist card, which entitles you to free travel for a day (such a card costs 100 rupees) or for three days (worth 250 rupees).

6. In Delhi, it is customary to leave a tip, and this applies to almost all services. The most optimal tip will be in the amount of 3 to 5 rupees.

In the north of India, on the coast of the Yammuna River, there is a millionaire city, the capital of this extraordinary state is the city of Delhi. A major economic, cultural, historical and political center. A modern metropolis that attracts with its bright colors, dynamic and interesting. A city devoted to its culture and traditions, the center of the Hindu religion, charming with its originality. For some time now it consists of two parts - New Delhi and Old Delhi. A huge number of attractions, as well as monuments of culture, architecture and history are concentrated on the territory of the Indian capital.

A bit of history

The history of Delhi is rooted in ancient times. According to official sources, the city appeared around the 1-2 centuries. The heyday of Delhi fell on the 12th century, the reign of Kutbuddin Aibek. Thanks to active trade with the Middle East and Central Asia, the city's economy has grown significantly. In the 17th century, power passed into the hands of Emperor Shah Jahan. By his order, Delhi became the capital of India. In the 20th century, New Delhi was built according to the project of the British architect Edwin Lutyen - the modern part of the city, adjacent to Old Delhi, the new Indian capital. Since 1947, New Delhi has become an independent unit, a separate autonomous region with its own mayor. Today it is the official capital of India, part of the large conglomeration of Delhi. It is in New Delhi that the residence of the president, the main government offices, international companies, and banks are located. In recent years, Delhi has become incredibly popular with tourists.

Sights of Delhi

Lakshmi Narayan

One of the most striking sights of New Delhi is the Lakshmi Narayan Temple. An unsurpassed masterpiece of architectural art, made of white and pink marble. A huge "gingerbread house", decorated with small and large domes and turrets, graceful columns and pediments, and numerous decorative elements. The temple was built in honor of two Hindu Gods - Lakshmi and Krishna. In the evenings, it is lit up with illumination, during these hours it is especially beautiful, like a wonderful palace from the fairy tale about Scheherazade. The interior decoration is not inferior in beauty to the appearance of the temple. Spacious bright halls are decorated with national Indian paintings, the walls and ceiling are finished with gilding, graceful columns complete the overall picture. The figures of two gods sit in the center of the hall.

sikh temple

In the heart of the city in Connaught Place rises the snow-white marble temple of the Gurdwara Bangla Sahib - the sanctuary of the Sikhs. This is a majestic building with a large gilded dome. Outwardly, it resembles a Christian church. The temple stands on the banks of the picturesque pond Sarovar. The townspeople claim that the water in this reservoir has miraculous powers. Gurdwara was built in the 18th century during the reign of Emperor Shah Alam II, designed by the Indian architect Sardar Bhagel Singh. The interior decoration is striking in luxury and splendor. The main hall of the temple is decorated in red and beige tones, decorated with gilded arches, there are special mats for prayers on the floor. You can cross the threshold only by taking off your shoes and covering your head.

Gate to fallen soldiers

After the First World War, in memory of the fallen Indian soldiers, a monument was built - the Triumphal Gate. The brainchild of British architect Edwin Lutyens, located in New Delhi. A huge sand-colored arch made of Bharatpur stone. A picturesque natural park spreads around, a great place for walking and relaxing. At the very foot of the monument, an eternal flame burns. The grand opening of the monument took place in 1931 in the presence of the head of state and foreign guests.

Lal Qila

The pearl of the Old City is Lal Qila - a wonderful architectural monument of the 17th century. It was built during the reign of the Emperor of Mongolia - Shah Jahan. A powerful defensive fortress made of red sandstone. The roof is crowned with numerous turrets. A thick fortress wall was built around the fort. The inner courtyard is covered with a neat well-groomed lawn. Inside the fortress there is the Divan-i-Am hall, intended for festive events, as well as the Divan-i-Khas hall, reserved for business receptions and meetings.

Qutub Minar Tower

In 1368, the opening of the Qutub Minar tower took place, its other name is the Victory Tower. This is an incredibly beautiful building built of red sandstone and decorated with decorative carvings. A real work of art, amazing and incomparable. The height of the tower is about 73 meters. It rises in the middle of the ruins of ancient temples, some of their elements were involved in the construction of the tower. Tourists like to wander through the ruins of Hindu and Sikh shrines, plunge into the distant Middle Ages and deep antiquity.

Entertainment complex Fun n Food Village

In 1993, a large entertainment center appeared on the territory of the Indian capital. It is located in the Old Town area, close to the airport. This is a wonderful place for family holidays. Inside the complex there are numerous shops, markets, craft shops, concert halls, cinemas, discos, mini-theatres. The center's pride is the Ice Palace and a children's amusement park. Several dozens of exciting rides, swimming pools and water slides, as well as playgrounds and sports grounds are concentrated on the territory of the park.

Delhi transport system

In the vicinity of Delhi, there is a large international airport named after Indira Gandhi, serving flights from all over the world. There is a direct flight from Moscow to Delhi from Russia. From other Indian cities, the capital can be reached by bus or train. Within the city there are four railway stations that accept not only domestic flights, but also trains from Europe. Internal transport links are represented by the city subway, bus routes and taxis. The original mode of transport is autorickshaws - mini-cars that can accommodate about 4 people. A distinctive feature of such a taxi is the presence of three wheels.