Traces of ancient wars and civilizations. Outside of Africa, the oldest traces of man were discovered Traces of the oldest
O Solomon! Solomon! You Greeks are like children, you don't know anything about ancient times. You know nothing about the hoary knowledge of the past
Egyptian priests
Good day, friends. What do you think: did the gods live on Earth? By gods, I mean representatives of ancient highly developed civilizations. Those who had deep knowledge in mechanics, mathematics, physics, astronomy and so on.
Personally, I don't know what to think. They say and show a lot of different things, and, of course, put forward frankly crazy theories. But the topic is still interesting and I want to talk about it.
Traces of ancient highly developed civilizations
Science believes that the first civilizations arose around the 3rd millennium BC. e. However, there are many mysterious places and artifacts on Earth that can argue with this. For example:
Skulls with diamond fillings dating back to 10,000 BC. e. Modern dentistry can't do that.
The walls of ancient buildings with earthquake-resistant masonry. For example, in Italy and Latin America. The stone slabs of these walls are fitted to each other with such precision and density that even a needle cannot be inserted between them. The secret of the masonry has not been solved, and the walls date back to 10,000 BC. e.
Pyramids in Giza, Baalbek, Tiahuanaco, Chavin de Huantar and others.
Lines of the Nazca plateau. I understand the "how" and I don't understand the "why".
Easter Island.
Strange Egyptian hieroglyphs and similar drawings (ancient people drew helicopters, submarines, planes, astronauts, and so on).
A huge number of legends and myths (looking at which from a certain angle you can rethink a lot).
Lost Atlantis.
And many many others.
Who are Osiris, Viracocha and Quetzalcoatl? Perhaps these are not fictional characters, but ... people who once lived? Or maybe aliens? If there was a highly developed civilization in ancient times, where is it now? Why do we know so little?
* In general, of course, the theory is bursting at the seams, because there should be much more traces of an ancient civilization, and the question of its disappearance is an edge. Well, really, what happened? Catastrophe or "gods" just flew to another planet? The husband said that not a single intelligent creature that has settled down on Earth will leave it - a planet with the richest natural resources.
I don't know, to be honest, questions can be asked endlessly, and traces of ancient highly developed civilizations are found everywhere. But specifically in this article, we will consider some strange archaeological finds in our area.
Aleksinsky stones
In 1999, as a result of reconnaissance archaeological excavations, not far from the village of Salomasovo in the Aleksinsky district of the Tula region, the northernmost site of an ancient man in Eastern Europe was discovered. Dated to the Paleolithic period
* The Paleolithic is an ancient stone age, in numbers approximately 10,000 BC. e.
Aleksinsky local historian Sergei Zverev collected flint tools and samples of ancient man's creativity. There is nothing surprising in them, something else is strange - the images printed on the samples.
According to their content, the drawings on them can be divided into several groups:
items;
signs and symbols;
living beings;
structures;
space symbolism;
cryptographic letters.
After a long study of the samples by various specialists, Zverev made bold conclusions - not just intelligent people once lived on our planet. And people with amazing knowledge received from representatives of extraterrestrial civilization. And these images are nothing but intergalactic messages.
Skeptics say that in the past there were no civilizations with advanced technologies and incredible structures. They try to explain each strange artifact or trace of the past from their point of view - they say, this is done by hand, and this is a natural formation. However, there is such convincing evidence of the presence of advanced civilizations in ancient times that even the most convinced skeptics and rational scientists cannot refute them.
This archaeological complex called Sahasralinga is located on the Shalmala River in the Indian state of Karnataka. When summer comes, and the water level in the river drops, hundreds of pilgrims come here. A variety of mysterious stone figures carved in time immemorial are exposed from under the water. For example, this amazing education. Are you saying it's handmade?
Barabar is the generalized name of a group of caves located in the Indian state of Bihar, near the city of Gaya. Officially, they were created in the III century BC, again, from the point of view of historians, manually. Is this so, judge for yourself. In our opinion, to make such a structure of hard stone - with high ceilings, with walls so smooth, with seams that a razor blade cannot penetrate - is very difficult today.
Baalbek is an ancient city located in Lebanon. It has many different attractions. But most of all, the temple of Jupiter with multi-ton marble columns and the South Stone are surprising - an evenly hewn block weighing 1500 tons. Who and how could make such a monolith in time immemorial and for what purposes - science does not know the answers to this question.
West Baray is a man-made reservoir in Angkor (Cambodia). The size of the reservoir is 8 km by 2.1 km, and the depth is 5 meters. It was created in ancient times. The accuracy of the boundaries of the reservoir and the grandeur of the work performed are striking - it is believed that it was built by the ancient Khmers. Nearby are no less amazing temple complexes - Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom, the layout of which is striking in its accuracy. Modern scientists cannot explain what technologies the builders of the past used.
Here is what Yoko Iwasaki, director of the Geological Research Institute of Osaka, Japan, writes:
Beginning in 1906, a group of French restorers worked in Angkor. In the 1950s, French specialists tried to lift the stones back onto the steep embankment. But since the angle of the steep embankment is 40º, after the first step 5 m high was built, the embankment collapsed. In the end, the French abandoned the idea of following historical technologies and installed a concrete wall inside the pyramid to preserve the earthen structures. Today we do not know how the ancient Khmers could build such high and steep mounds.
Cumbe Mayo is located near the Peruvian city of Cajamarca at an altitude of about 3.3 km above sea level. There are the remains of an ancient aqueduct, which was clearly not made by hand.
It is known that it was built before the advent of the Inca Empire. Curiously, the name Kumbe Mayo comes from the Quechua expression "kumpi mayu", which means "well-made water channel". It is not known what civilization created it, but presumably it happened around 1500 AD.
The Cumbe Mayo aqueduct is considered one of the oldest structures in South America. Its length is about 10 kilometers. At the same time, if rocks were encountered on the path of the ancient path for water, then unknown builders cut a tunnel right through them.
6. The Peruvian cities of Sacsayhuaman and Ollantaytambo
Its weight is about 600 tons. It is known that it was created BC. The stone is a local landmark - and looking at its photographs and old drawings, you understand why it is so popular.
The Pyramid of Menkaure (or Menkaure) is located in Giza and is one of the Great Pyramids. At the same time, it is the lowest among them - only 66 m in height, which is half the size of the Cheops pyramid. But she strikes the imagination no less than her famous neighbors.
For the construction of the pyramid, huge monolithic blocks were used, the weight of one of them is about 200 tons. It still remains a mystery how it was delivered to the place of construction. The quality of the finishing of the blocks outside and inside the pyramid, as well as carefully crafted tunnels and internal chambers, is also surprising.
In this pyramid in the 19th century, a mysterious basalt sarcophagus was discovered, which was decided to be sent to England. But along the way, the ship got into a storm and sank off the coast of Spain.
Used materials from the site
In the development of life on Earth, the history of mankind is only a brief moment. The history of the development of civilization began much earlier than the appearance of writing, as evidenced by numerous archaeological data. Thousands of years ago, a great civilization lived and created on Earth, the level of which we have not reached today.
Why did the great civilization of antiquity disappear? Perhaps the flourishing of cultures was interrupted by the Flood, which is described in the Bible, the Sumerian "Tale of Gilgamesh", hundreds of legends and myths of ancient peoples? During the brief history of mankind on our planet, there was a sharp melting of glaciers at the end of the last ice age, which ended between 15,000 and 10,000 BC. e. Traces of an ancient civilization have been found on all continents of the Earth:
PYRAMIDS OF GIZA, GREAT SPHINX, OSIRION, CHICHEN-ITZA, PALENQUE, TEOTIHUACAN, MACHU-PICCHU, NASCA GEOGLYPHS, OLYANTAYTAMBO, SAXAYUAMAN, TIAHUANACO, YONAGUNI, BAALBEK.
PYRAMIDS OF GIZA (EGYPT)
Three main pyramids of Giza
The three main Pyramids of Giza are positioned relative to the Nile Valley in such a way that they reproduce the position of the three stars of Orion's Belt relative to the Milky Way in 10450 BC. Arguing with astronomical calculations, Robert Bauval and Adrian Gilbert ("Secrets of the Pyramids") put forward a hypothesis about the estimated time of the beginning of the construction of the Giza complex - 10450 BC.
The British writer and journalist Graham Hancock (The Enigma of the Sphinx) called the space monuments of Giza "a stone book that came down from heaven", since the three great pyramids of Giza are the earthly counterparts of the three stars of Orion's Belt, and the Sphinx is the earthly representation of the constellation Leo.
The ancient Egyptians called the Giza complex - "the house of Mr. Rostau" - one of the titles of God Osiris. According to the list of the ancient Greek historian Manetho, the reign of God Osiris is the middle of the 11th millennium BC. e.
The Great Pyramid - the pyramid of Cheops consists of 203 rows of masonry, 2.3 million blocks, weighs over 6 million tons. The weight of especially large blocks is 10-15 tons. In ancient times, the pyramid was lined with 115,000 polished slabs, each weighing 10 tons. The dimensions of the slabs were maintained with an accuracy of about 0.2 mm, the joints were adjusted so that it was impossible to insert a knife blade into them.
The ancient builders of the Great Pyramid with outstanding accuracy adjusted the angles of the base of the pyramid to 90 °: the southeast angle is 89 ° 562273, the northeast - 90 ° 3223, the southwest - 89 ° 562273, the northwest - 89 ° 592583. Such precise construction technique defies explanation.
“However, there are no traces of such an evolutionary process in Egypt. The Great Pyramid and its Giza neighbors appeared as if from a black hole in the history of architecture, so deep and wide that neither its bottom nor sides can be seen ”(Graham Hancock“ Traces of the Gods ”).
GREAT SPHINX (EGYPT)
The Sphinx is the largest solid sculpture in the world: 20 meters high, over 70 meters long. According to the "Emerald Tablets" of Hermes Trismegistus, the age of the Sphinx is 10 - 15 thousand years.
The American clairvoyant Edgar Cayce claimed that the Sphinx was built between 10490 and 10390 BC. e. Some researchers believe that the Great Sphinx is an indicator of the Age of Leo according to the equinox calendar and corresponds to the period between 10970 and 8810 BC.
American geologist Robert Schoch argues that the Sphinx's furrows were formed by water, which would require at least a thousand years of constant, heavy rains. Computer calculations based on this theory have shown that the Sphinx is 10-15 thousand years old.
OSIRION - ABYDOS (EGYPT)
Osirion is composed of huge monolithic blocks of granite using the technique of megalithic masonry. The stone is carefully processed, the blocks are fitted to each other without a gap and the use of mortar. The central part of the building has two colonnades of 10 granite columns. The cross section of each column is a square with a side of 2.5 meters, the height of the column is about 4 meters, the weight of each monolith is 65 tons! The corners of some monoliths have a complex polygonal profile, the blocks are joined according to the puzzle principle.
The buildings of Osirion are oriented strictly to the northeast, as is the Belt of Orion, which, according to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians, became the House of Eternity of Osiris. According to ancient legends, in Osirion there is the tomb of the God Osiris, who ruled more than 10 thousand years ago.
There are many facts indicating that Osirion was subjected to destructive long-term exposure to water, erosion, which could occur during the “wet” period of Egyptian history, which occurred at the end of the last Ice Age - about 11 thousand years BC.
CHICEN IZA (MEXICO)
Chichen Itza is the most famous Mayan center in the Mexican Yucatan. Until now, there is no answer to the many secrets and mysteries that the witnesses of the Mayan and Toltec eras in Chichen Itza keep: the Kukulkan Pyramid, the Great Ball Game Field, the Caracol Observatory, the Temple of Warriors, the Temple of the Jaguars, the “Group of a Thousand Columns”.
Who told the Maya astronomical knowledge about Uranus, Neptune and Pluto? What was the meaning of the Mayan calendars with calculations for millennia ahead? Scientists believe that the principle of the calendar was put at the basis of the pyramid of Kukulkan, and the pyramid had astronomical significance.
Researchers put forward a hypothesis about the foundation of Chichen Itza by representatives of a highly developed civilization in the period before the Flood, which is dated to the era of Leo.
PALENQUE (MEXICO)
Researchers express different versions of the origin of Palenque. The complex was abandoned a long time ago, traces of its inhabitants disappeared, and the local population did not have any reliable information about the ancient ruins. According to one of the hypotheses of Palenque, the “Great City of Serpents” was built in ancient times by a people who came from the Atlantic under the leadership of a leader named Wotan.
Scientist and traveler Andrey Sklyarov (“Ancient Mexico without crooked mirrors”) believed that large blocks of some buildings in Palenque retained traces of processing by advanced technologies, many times superior to the capabilities of all Mesoamerican civilizations known to historians.
The ancient founders of Palenque used technologies that are found on other continents. Some elements of block processing and the so-called polygonal masonry of the Palenque Palace show similarities with the ancient buildings of the Egyptian Osirion.
TEOTIHUACAN (MEXICO)
Teotihuacan, like the Egyptian pyramids, is an amazing example of geometric, mathematical and astronomical mysticism. The development of Teotihuacan took place along the Road of the Dead. The main buildings are the Pyramid of the Sun, the Pyramid of the Moon and the Pyramid of Quetzalcoatl.
The perimeter of the base of the Pyramid of the Sun is 895 meters, its original height was about 71 meters. The ratio of the perimeter of the base of the pyramid of the Sun to its height is 4 "pi", which means that the ancient builders of the pyramid knew the number "pi"?!
According to legend, after the Flood, the Gods returned to Teotihuacan to "re-create the world." As Andrei Sklyarov, an advocate of alternative history, wrote (“Ancient Mexico without crooked mirrors”), this hypothesis is confirmed by the orientation of the Teotihuacan complex not strictly to the north pole, but to a direction that deviates from north by 15.5 degrees to the east, which can be explained by a change in the position of the poles after the Flood.
MACHU PICCHU (PERU)
Until now, researchers have not received answers to the questions: what is the true age of Machu Picchu, who built it, why and for what purposes was it built on a hard-to-reach cliff, and why was it abandoned?
Machu Picchu is built on top of a mountain range, at an altitude of 2450 meters above sea level, to build in such an inaccessible place required incredible skill. During the construction of the terraces of Machu Picchu, giant blocks were used, some weighing up to 200 tons. The size and shape of the blocks of the "Main Temple" and the "Temple of Three Windows" shows that the masonry of the walls was created by a highly technologically advanced civilization. The temples were built according to the earthquake-resistant technology of megalithic polygonal masonry. Among the blocks there are massive hewn polyhedrons with sharp edges.
Perhaps these structures existed millennia before the rise of the Inca empire? Perhaps the Incas built Machu Picchu on the ruins of much more ancient structures of the megalithic culture? The American writer, popularizer of the theory of extraterrestrial origin of man, Zakharia Sitchin, in the book Armageddon Postponed, hypothesizes that the stone structures and megalithic walls of Machu Picchu were the creations of representatives of a prehistoric civilization.
GEOGLYPHS OF NASCA (PERU)
One of the mysteries of the past of mankind is the huge and bizarre drawings - the geoglyphs of the Nazca desert plateau. Their purpose is unknown to anyone, as well as their age. Local residents say that these images are not the work of people, but of demigods - Viracocha, who left their traces in the Andes many thousands of years ago.
Almost all of the drawings are made on a cyclopean scale, the lines sometimes stretch to the very horizon, they intersect and overlap each other, uniting in mysterious patterns that make the Nazca desert look like a giant drawing board.
According to the results of many expeditions to Peru, a number of scientists came to the conclusion that the Nazca plateau is part of a frozen mudflow with pronounced "tongues" descending between the surrounding mountains, which were formed during the return of the waters of a powerful tsunami that hit South America during the Flood. .
OLYANTAYTAMBO (PERU)
Ollantaytambo is located at an altitude of 2800 meters above sea level. The powerful walls of the fortress are assembled from stone blocks that weigh tens of tons, the blocks are fitted to each other with amazing accuracy, although they have joints that are not rectangular, but of very different shapes. Stone monoliths, the so-called platform of the Temple of the Sun, reach more than 4 meters in height, their weight is estimated at hundreds of tons, they are placed at the very top of a steep row of artificial terraces.
As Andrei Sklyarov wrote (“Peru and Bolivia long before the Incas”), “in order to deliver blocks weighing tens of tons to Ollantaytambo, they had to be lowered down a very steep slope of about 800 meters, then transported through a stormy mountain river, dragged upstream river for about 8 km, then climb a steep slope to the construction site. The ability of the Indians to manually move such huge blocks over such rough terrain is very doubtful.
The nature of the destruction of Ollantaytambo indicates that the complex was destroyed as a result of the catastrophic events of the Flood, which for South America are associated with a powerful tsunami that came from the Pacific Ocean.
SUCCAYUAMAN (PERU)
Sacsayhuaman is located at an altitude of 3650 meters above sea level. Its "calling card" is three tiers of zigzag walls over 350 meters long and over 15 meters in total height.
The unique structure was built from huge blocks, which were delivered here over rugged mountainous terrain from quarries remote at a distance of several tens of kilometers. The weight of the largest block, reaching more than 8 meters in height, is about 350 tons. Blocks of andesite, a very hard material, form a polygonal masonry with stones fitting together without any mortar.
In the chronicles of the Peruvian historian Garcilaso de La Vega, the authors of the construction are not named, he only retells local legends in his own words: “... these three walls were erected as if by magic, created by demons, not people - there are so many stones in them, and they are so huge ... Impossible to believe that these stones were cut in quarries, since the Indians had neither iron nor steel tools to remove and hew them ”
TIAHUANACO (BOLIVIA)
The Spanish historian, geographer, Catholic missionary Jose de Acosta, in his essay “The Natural and Moral History of the Indies,” tells how the Indians talk about their origin: “They mention a lot the flood that happened in their country ... The Indians say that all people drowned in this flood. But Viracocha came out of Lake Titicaca, who first settled in Tiahuanaco, where to this day you can see the ruins of ancient and very strange buildings, and from there he moved to Cuzco, from which the multiplication of the human race began ... "
Ancient legends say: “For some sin, people who lived in ancient times were destroyed by the Creator ... in the Flood. After the Flood, the Creator appeared in human form from Lake Titicaca. Then he created the sun, moon and stars. After that, he revived humanity on earth ... "
According to the materials of excavations, the ancient settlement is 14 thousand years old. The Bolivian scientist Arthur Poznansky, having carried out astronomical calculations, determined the dating of Tiahuanaco - 15,000 BC.
YONAGUNI (JAPAN)
The pyramid and temple complex, resting on the seabed near the island of Yonaguni, according to scientists, rose above the surface of the water at least 10 thousand years ago, when the water level in the world's oceans was 40 meters lower than the current one.
The Japanese Step Pyramid is similar to the Pyramid of Djoser in Egypt. The blocks are hewn and neatly stacked in five steps in a ziggurat. Side base of the pyramid - 180 meters, height - 30 meters.
Professors of geology Masaaki Kimura and Robert Shoh, who studied the underwater complex, believe that the mysterious five-stage structure was artificially created more than 10 thousand years ago, when the bottom near the island was dry land, that is, at the end of the last ice age. Who was involved in such grandiose architecture is unknown.
BAALBEK (LEBAN)
The buildings of Baalbek are larger than the pyramid of Cheops, the largest granite blocks of which are the ceiling of the King's Chamber, weighing 50 - 80 tons. Colossal megalithic blocks, called trilithons, are 21 meters long, 5 meters high, 4 meters wide, weighing 800 tons each!
Moreover, these monoliths lie at an eight-meter height. On the blocks, traces of machining of the planes are visible. Despite their grandiose size, the blocks are so neatly stacked and so precisely connected to each other that it is almost impossible to stick even a razor blade between them. According to an ancient legend, these blocks lay here forever and have long been considered sacred.
Two kilometers from the Baalbek terrace, in the nearest quarry, there is the so-called "Southern Stone", which is considered the largest processed stone in the world - 23 meters long, 5.3 meters wide and 4.55 meters high, its weight exceeds 1000 tons. The block at one end stuck into the ground at 30 degrees, which suggests that it was raised to a great height.
WHO COULD BUILD ALL THESE GIANT STRUCTURES, HOW AND FOR WHAT?
These questions have fired the human imagination for thousands of years. Academic science does not provide answers to these questions. Legends and myths tell different stories about the origin and purpose of ancient structures.
Many scientists and esotericists believe that the “stone monuments” of our planet are the works of the Lemurians and Atlanteans and are built in such a way that they cannot be “pulled apart” and “lost”.
American researcher James Churchward put forward the theory that the inhabitants of the Mu continent, which disappeared 25 thousand years ago, used technologies far superior to modern ones, including anti-gravity, which allowed them to move huge objects and build colossal buildings.
Legends have been preserved that in ancient times people possessed unique technologies: “softening stones” and lifting and transferring stones using acoustics and sound. Perhaps the ancient people owned the torsion theory and used it to create stone processing technologies and build giant monuments of antiquity?
Undoubtedly, stone structures in different parts of the Earth were created by an unknown high-tech, possibly extraterrestrial civilization.
The scientist, esotericist Drunvalo Melchizedek in the book “The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life” writes that “during the transition of our planet and humanity from the third to the fourth dimension, all synthetic materials will return to the state of a chaotic set of elements from which they were created. This can explain the fact that a highly developed extraterrestrial civilization created structures using very durable natural materials that would have survived for tens of thousands of years. The artificial materials created by our ancestors did not go through the last interdimensional transition 13,000 years ago.”
According to a number of scientists, gigantic megalithic structures on Earth were built by a civilization of a planetary type. Japanese physicist Michio Kaku in his book "Parallel Worlds" writes about what will be the technology of civilizations that are thousands and millions of years away from us.
By scanning the sky for signs of intelligent life, physicists look for objects with energy output consistent with Type I, II, and III civilizations. A Type I civilization is a civilization that uses planetary forms of energy.
Why don't we see alien civilizations in space? Perhaps they are so advanced that they have little interest in our primitive society like 0.7? Maybe they died during the period of time when they sought to achieve the status of a Type I civilization?
And how will humanity make the transition to a type I civilization? Perhaps the development of "space elevators" based on the latest achievements in the field of nanotechnology will bring humanity closer to space travel and help unravel the mysteries of ancient civilizations that left traces on our planet millennia ago?
Scientists have discovered the oldest traces of prehistoric man outside of Africa - on the coast of Norfolk County in eastern Britain. These footprints were left more than 850-950 thousand years ago on the shores near the city of Happiesburg, and they are the first direct evidence of the earliest visit of human ancestors to northern Europe.
"At first we weren't sure about our discovery," says Dr. Ashton. "But it soon became clear that the depressions had the outlines of human footprints."
Soon after the discovery, the tracks were again hidden by the tide. However, the team was able to study them and capture them on video, which will be shown at an exhibition at the Natural History Museum in London in late February 2014.
Over the next two weeks after the discovery, the team performed 3D scans of the prints. A detailed analysis by Dr. Isabelle De Groote of Liverpool John Moores University confirmed that the footprints were indeed human. Perhaps they were left by five at once - an adult man and several children.
It is not clear who these people were. There is an assumption that they belonged to one of the species related to modern man - Homo antecessor
(Illustration by Happisburgh Project).
Dr. de Groot said she was able to see heels and even toes, and the largest print left was, by today's standards, 42 sizes.
“The largest footprints seem to have been made by an adult male, who was about 175 centimeters tall,” she says. “The smallest of those present was about 91 centimeters tall. Other large footprints may belong to boys or short women. That is, most likely, it was a kind of family wandering along the beach together - probably in search of food.
It is not clear who exactly these people were. There is an assumption that they belonged to one of the species related to modern man - the predecessor man ( Homo antecessor). Representatives of this species lived in the south of Europe, however, it is quite possible that they came to the territory of modern Norfolk along the strip of land that connected the British Isles with the rest of the European landmass a million years ago.
The prints were discovered after low tide
(photo by Martin Bates).
The human predecessor, the most ancient hominid of Europe, disappeared from the face of the Earth about 800 thousand years ago due to a sharp cooling of the climate - that is, shortly after the prints found on the coast were left. Very little is known about this species, in particular, that the human predecessor walked on two legs and had a small brain volume compared to modern people (about 1000 cm³). Also, representatives of the species Homo antecessor were right-handed, which distinguishes them from a number of primate predecessors.
The descendant of the human predecessor, apparently, is the Heidelberg man ( Homo heidelbergensis), who lived on the territory of modern Great Britain about 500 thousand years ago. This species is thought to have given rise to the Neanderthals about 400,000 years ago. Neanderthals lived in Great Britain until the arrival of our species, Homo sapiens, about 40 thousand years ago.
The sea hides traces, but scientists managed to examine and document them
(photo by Martin Bates).
Despite the fact that the fossils of the human predecessor have never been found on the coast of Norfolk, scientists have circumstantial evidence of their presence in the hands of scientists. For example, in 2010, the same research team discovered stone tools used by representatives of this species.
"The current discovery has definitively confirmed that Homo antecessor lived in our territories about a million years ago," said Professor Chris Stringer of the Museum of Natural History, who also took part in the study on the shores of Happiesburg. "We have received very concrete evidence. And if we If we keep looking in the right direction, we may finally be able to find even human fossils."
Fossilized footprints are quite rare on our planet, and therefore are of particular interest to archaeologists. After all, ancient fossils can reveal secrets about the ancestors of people, and about what happened on our planet in the prehistoric period.
This review contains an incredible dozen of fossils that will be of interest even to people far from scientific research.
1. Laetol traces
In 1976, anthropologist Mary Leakey discovered the world's oldest human footprints in Laetoli, Tanzania. They were extruded in a layer of volcanic ash 3.6 million years old. Scientists attribute these footprints to Australopithecus afarensis, an ancient hominid whose remains were found in the same layer of sediment. The subsequent volcanic eruption buried under itself and preserved these imprints for centuries. Initially, scientists believed that the footprints belonged to two people (more precisely, their ancestors), but now it is believed that they belong to four different Australopithecus.
These footprints are the earliest example of a hominid erectus, which was a real leap in evolution. The legs of Australopithecus afarensis were more like the legs of modern humans than monkeys. However, their average stride length was significantly shorter (long lower limbs developed only in Homo erectus).
2. Traces of the devil
On the western flank of the Roccamonfina volcano in southern Italy, one can find the "Footprints of the Devil" - ancient footprints in a frozen volcanic stream approximately 385,000 - 325,000 years old. These footprints were left by humanoids descending the steep slope of the volcano, with even rare handprints preserved where they leaned against the slope for balance. No one knows who made them, but scientists suspect that the most "likely candidate" is Homo erectus, or Heidelberg Man.
3. Footprints of Eve
The footprints, which were found in 1997 on a deserted stretch of the west coast of South Africa, are the oldest known fossil footprints of Homo sapiens. They date back to 117,000 years old and are called "footprints of Eve". Interestingly, they are almost indistinguishable from the footprints of modern humans, except that the hominid who left them was about 140 centimeters tall (moreover, it is believed that it was an adult).
4. Footprints in Hapiesberg
In 2014, a storm on an English beach exposed the oldest human footprints outside of Africa. The prints are 850,000 years old, that is, they are half a million years older than the most ancient people (as scientists previously assumed) who began to populate Europe. Experts believe that they were made by some of the predecessors of humans. At that time, England was connected with continental Europe by a land isthmus, and the climate in it was similar to modern Scandinavian.
This raises questions about when clothing, shelter, and fire were actually invented. Also, these prints change the whole picture of how humanity migrated from Africa. Experts now believe that hominids may have colonized Britain as many as ten separate times.
5. Turkana Hunters
In 2009, researchers discovered human footprints near Kenya's Lake Turkana that date back 1.5 million years. The footprints were too old to be from modern humans, so the researchers thought they belonged to Homo erectus, thought to be the first long-legged, short-armed hominids—adapted for upright walking.
The presence of prints of several males nearby indicates that these hominids were engaged in joint work, presumably hunting. The researchers studied other animal tracks in the area and determined that there used to be meadows near the lake. Herbivores usually moved in a straight line from grass to water, while humans lived along the coast like predators. It is likely that they were more carnivorous than modern humans.
6. Footprints on Calvert Island
Footprints on Calvert Island in British Columbia may be the oldest human footprints in North America. Their age is 13,200 years, and they belonged to three individuals, which, according to scientists, were a family. The study of prints is extremely difficult because they are located in the intertidal zone. More research needs to be done to authenticate their age, as neighboring rocks date back as little as 2,000 years.
However, previous radiocarbon dating has shown the footprints to be 13,000 years old, providing evidence that North America was first settled along the Pacific coast. Previously, experts believed that people settled south through an ice-free corridor east of the Rocky Mountains.
7 Hohokam Footprints
In 2015, a construction crew unearthed fossilized ancient footprints near Tucson, USA. They are 2500 - 3500 years old and belong to people from the settlement of the Hohokam culture (which is considered a transition between hunter-gatherers and agriculture). The prints belong to men, women, children and dogs. They were deeply pressed into the soft earth of an irrigated field, which was subsequently flooded.
There is now debate as to whether irrigation in agriculture is the Hohokam's own invention or whether this technique first appeared in Mesoamerica. Some even believe that this settlement is migrants from Mexico. Others disagree with this theory, pointing out that there is no evidence for ancient irrigated agriculture in Mesoamerica.
8. Imprints near the mountain of God
In the shadow of a Tanzanian volcano, known to the Maasai as the "Mountain of God", researchers have discovered 400 fossilized ancient footprints that date back 19,000 years. Some of the footprints show people jogging, other people who left these footprints had broken fingers, and still others belong to mothers with children. The researchers initially thought that the footprints were made in the ash that fell from the sky after the volcanic eruption. This would mean that the prints are 120,000 years old, but their age was later revised.
9 Stone Age Fishermen
The 5,000-year-old footprints of two people on the island of Lolland in Denmark show how ancient people migrated along the sea and faced its destructive power. The prints show the life of two Stone Age fishermen who set traps for fish on the shallows. The footprints also indicate that fishermen were forced into the icy waters of the Baltic in an attempt to save their traps from flooding (at the time the footprints were made, the Baltic Sea had risen sharply due to the melting of northern European glaciers).
10. Footprints near Lake Willandra
In 2003, local Aboriginal people found the oldest known footprints in Australia. Found among the dunes of the dry lakeside of Willandra, the prints date back 20,000 years. They are the largest collection of Pleistocene human footprints in the world (almost 700 footprints have been found, 400 of which are grouped into 23 chains). The smallest details survived: the dirt that seeped between the toes, the hole from the spear on which the man leaned, and the squiggles that could have been drawn by a child.
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