Map of Crimea latitude and longitude. Extreme points of Crimea on the map. What is Crimea
Crimea has long been rightfully called the natural pearl of Europe. Here, at the junction of temperate and subtropical latitudes, as if in focus, the characteristic features of their nature are concentrated in miniature: mountains and plains, ancient volcanoes and modern mud hills, seas and lakes, forests and steppes, landscapes of the Black Sea sub-Mediterranean region and the semi-deserts of the Sivash region...
The Crimean Peninsula is located in southern Russia at the latitude of southern France and northern Italy.
His outlines are unique, some see them as a flying bird, others as a bunch of grapes, and still others as a heart.
But each of us, looking at the map, immediately finds in the middle of the blue oval of the sea an irregular quadrangle of a peninsula with a wide protrusion of the Tarkhankut Peninsula in the west and a long, narrower protrusion of the Kerch Peninsula in the east. The Kerch Strait separates the Crimean Peninsula from the Taman Peninsula, the western tip of the Krasnodar Territory.
Crimea, washed on almost all sides by the waters of the Black and Azov Seas, could have been an island if not for the narrow, only 8 kilometers wide, Perekop Isthmus connecting it to the mainland.
The total length of the borders of Crimea– more than 2500 km.
Square– 27 thousand sq. km.
Maximum distance from north to south it is 207 km, from west to east – 324 km.
Extreme points: in the north – the village of Perekop (46°15′ north latitude), in the south – Cape Sarych (44°23′ north latitude), in the east – Cape Fonar (36°40′ east longitude), in the west – Cape Kara-Mrun (32°30′ E long.).
Water Black Sea(area – 421 thousand sq.
sq. km, volume - 537 thousand cubic km) wash Crimea from the west and south. The largest bays are: Karkinitsky, Kalamitsky and Feodosiya.
From the east and northeast, the peninsula is surrounded by the Kerch Strait (width 4-5 km, length 41 km) and Sea of Azov(area - 38 thousand sq. km, volume - 300 cubic km), which forms the Kazantip, Arabat and Sivash bays.
Shorespeninsula strongly indented by numerous bays, coves and bays.
Crimean mountains divided the peninsula into two uneven parts: a large steppe and a smaller mountain one.
They stretch from southwest to northeast from the outskirts of Sevastopol to Feodosia in three almost parallel ridges, separated by longitudinal green valleys. The length of the Crimean Mountains is about 180 km, width – 50 km.
The main ridge is the highest, the most famous mountain peaks are located here: Roman-Kosh - 1545 m, Chatyrdag - 1525 m, Ai-Petri - 1231 m.
The southern slopes facing the sea are steep, while the northern slopes are gentle.
The peaks of the Crimean Mountains are treeless, undulating plateaus called yayls (translated from Turkic as “summer pasture”). Yayls combine the properties of plains and mountains. They are connected by narrow, low ridges along which mountain passes pass. The routes from the steppe part of Crimea to the southern coast have long been located here.
The beginning of the ascent to the Devil's Staircase pass, an ancient road that leads from the forest areas of the mountainous Crimea to the Southern Coast.
The highest yaylas in Crimea: Ai-Petrinskaya (1320 m), Yalta (1406 m), Nikitskaya (1470 m), Gurzufskaya (1540 m).
The limestone surface of the villages was dissolved by rainwater for many centuries; water flows made numerous passages, deep wells, mines, and amazingly beautiful caves in the thickness of the mountains.
The inner ridge of the Crimean Mountains is lower than the Main (the highest point, Mount Kubalach, reaches 739 m). It stretches from the Mekenzi Mountains near Sevastopol to Mount Agarmysh for 125 km.
The outer, or Northern, ridge is even lower - from 150 to 340 m, it is called the foothills.
The rocks from which it is composed lie at an angle: the southern slopes end with steep cliffs, and the northern slopes are gentle, long, and gradually turn into a plain.
Steppe occupies a large territory of Crimea. It represents the southern edge of the East European, or Russian, Plain and decreases slightly to the north. The Kerch Peninsula is divided by the Parpach ridge into two parts: the southwestern - flat and the northeastern - hilly, which is characterized by alternating ring-shaped limestone ridges, gentle depressions, mud hills and coastal lake basins.
However, mud volcanoes have nothing in common with real volcanoes, since they erupt not hot lava, but cold mud.
In the flat part of the peninsula, varieties of southern and carbonate chernozems predominate; dark chestnut and meadow-chestnut soils of dry forests and shrubs, as well as brown mountain-forest and mountain-meadow chernozem-like soils (on yailas), are less common.
More than 52% of the republic’s territory is occupied by arable land, 4.7% by orchards and vineyards.
The remaining lands are predominantly pastures and forests.
Expanses of Crimea
Square forests reaches 340 thousand.
ha. The slopes of the Crimean Mountains are occupied predominantly by oak forests (65% of the area of all forests), beech (14%), hornbeam (8%) and pine (13%).
On the South Coast, in the forests grow relict tall juniper, evergreen small-fruited strawberry, blunt-leaved pistachio, a number of evergreen shrubs - Pontian broom, Crimean cistus, red pyracantha, bush jasmine, etc.
On the peninsula 1657 rivers and temporary gutters.
Their total length is 5996 kilometers. However, the vast majority of them are small, almost all watercourses that dry up in the summer. There are only 257 rivers longer than 5 km.
The most significant of the rivers, according to their geographical location, are divided into several groups: rivers of the northern and northeastern slopes of the Crimean Mountains (Salgir, the longest river of the peninsula, - 232 km; Wet Indol - 27 km; Churuksu - 33 km, etc.); rivers of the northwestern slope (Chernaya - 41 km, Belbek - 63 km, Kacha - 69 km, Alma - 84 km, Western Bulganak - 52 km, etc.); rivers of the southern coast of Crimea (Uchan-Su - 8.4 km, Derekoyka - 12 km, Ulu-Uzen - 15 km, Demerdzhi - 14 km, Ulu-Uzen East - 16 km, etc.); small rivers of the plain Crimea and the Kerch Peninsula.
The rivers of the northwestern slopes of the Crimean Mountains flow almost parallel to each other, until the middle of the flow they are typically mountainous.
The rivers of the northern slopes on the plain deviate to the east and flow into the Sivash. The short rivers of the Southern Coast flowing into the Black Sea are typically mountainous throughout their entire length.
The Uchan-Su mountain river runs down to the sea, forming waterfalls in four places.
Crimea. Baydarsky reserve. Kozyrek waterfall during the snowmelt period (left).
One of the tributaries of the Black River during high water (right).
The main source of river nutrition is rainwater - 44-50% of the annual flow; groundwater provides 28-36% and snow nutrition - 13-23%. The average long-term surface and underground flow of Crimea is slightly more than 1 billion cubic meters. water. This is almost three times less than the volume of water supplied annually to the peninsula via the North Crimean Canal. Natural reserves of local waters are used to the limit (73% of reserves are used).
The main surface flow is regulated: several hundred ponds and more than 20 large reservoirs have been built (Simferopol on the Salgir River, Chernorechenskoye on the Chernaya River, Belogorskoye on the Biyuk-Karasu River, etc.).
The North Crimean Canal transports 3.5 billion tons of water annually to the peninsula.
m3 of water, which made it possible to increase the area of irrigated land from 34.5 thousand hectares (1937) to 400 thousand hectares (1994).
In Crimea, mainly along the coasts, there are more than 50 lakes-estuaries with a total area of 5.3 thousand square meters. km used to obtain salts and medicinal mud: Saksky, Sasyk, Donuzlav, Bakal, Staroe, Krasnoe, Aktashskoye, Chokrakskoye, Uzunlarskoye, etc.
Sources:
All about Crimea: Reference and information publication / Under the general.
ed. D.V. Omelchuk. - Kharkov: Karavella, 1999.
Ena V.G. Nature of Crimea // Crimea: present and future: Sat. articles - Simferopol: Tavria, 1995.
In this article we will tell you about Crimea sk peninsula. Despite the fact that in recent years more and more tourists have been flocking to vacation on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, as well as on the tropical islands of Thailand.
However, Crimea nevertheless, it still remains a popular holiday destination for hundreds of thousands of people. Foreign tourists primarily visit the capital city of Ukraine - Kyiv, which has many historical and architectural attractions.
Crimea Peninsula and the Sea of Azov. View from space
In addition, in the city of Kyiv you can use the Internet directly in recreation parks.
Crimea map
And if one of the tourists did not take his tablet computer on a trip, then he can buy a Kiev laptop at an affordable price in numerous FoxMart stores in the city, which offer a wide range of laptops from various world-famous brands, such as: SAMSUNG, ACER, LENOVO, ASUS, HP, SONY and some others.
Thanks to the Internet and a laptop, you can find out a lot of necessary, useful and, of course, interesting information, for example, about the Crimean peninsula.
Peninsula Crimea located in the southern part of the Republic of Ukraine. Geographically Crimea The Russian Peninsula belongs to the Northern Black Sea region.
On the peninsula Crimea are located in the Autonomous Republic Crimea, the city of Sevastopol, as well as part of the Kherson region. Peninsula Crimea in the documents of the Russian Empire until the 20s of the 20th century it was called Taurida.
After the creation of the Soviet Union, the Tauris Peninsula was renamed and received the name " Crimea».
Toponym " Crimea“probably comes from the Turkic word “kyrym”, which literally means - rampart, wall, ditch.
The Crimean peninsula is washed by: in the west and south - the Black Sea, in the east - the Sea of Azov, including Sivash Bay. Peninsula Crimea goes far into the Black Sea.
The area of the Crimean Peninsula is approximately 26,860 km², of which 72% is flat, 20% is occupied Crimea ski mountains, 8% are water bodies - lakes, rivers.
Length of the peninsula's coastline Crimea is over 1000 km.
The total length of the sea and land borders of the peninsula Crimea is more than 2500 km.
Greatest length Crimea of the Russian Peninsula in the direction from west to east between the picturesque capes Kara-Mrun and Fonar is approximately 325 km, and in the direction from north to south from the narrow Perekop Isthmus to Cape Sarych it is 205 km.
On the Black Sea coast there are the largest bays: Karkinitsky Gulf, Kalamitsky Gulf, Feodosiya Gulf.
On the coast of the Sea of Azov there are the following bays: Sivash Bay, Kazantip Bay and Arabat Bay.
In the east Crimea peninsula between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov is the Kerch Peninsula, and in the west the tapering part Crimea and forms the relatively small Tarkhankut Peninsula.
In the northern part of the peninsula Crimea It is connected to the continent by the rather narrow Perekop Isthmus, the width of which at its widest point does not exceed 8 km.
Peninsula Crimea according to the nature of the relief, it is divided into platform-plain, which occupies 70% of the entire territory, the rest falls on the folded mountainous surface. On the southern part of the peninsula Crimea beautiful spread out Crimea skie mountains. The highest mountain on the peninsula Crimea– Mount Roman-Kosh, which reaches a height of 1545 meters above sea level.
Northernmost point Crimea The Russian Peninsula is located on the Perekop Isthmus, its southernmost point is the beautiful Cape Sarych, the westernmost point is Cape Kara-Mrun (Priboyny) on the Tarkhankut Peninsula, the extreme eastern point of the peninsula is Cape Lantern on the Kerch Peninsula.
Picturesque nature of the Crimean peninsula
Crimea is a popular seaside resort located in southwest Russia. The main reasons why people flock to the peninsula are: the sea and the mountains. Crimea washed by two seas: the Black and Azov. Most of the resorts are located on the southern coast, whose climate is comparable to the Cote d'Azur.
Crimea: history of the name of the peninsula
There are several versions of the origin of the name of the peninsula: from Turkic “ Crimea"translated as "ditch".
Another version says that the name comes from the city of Kyrym, which was the former residence of the Golden Horde governor and became popular in the 13th century. This name was not the first for the peninsula - others are also known in history:
- Tavrika is the ancient name of the peninsula, derived from the Tauri tribe who previously inhabited these places.
- Tavria is a name that came into use in the 15th century.
- Tavrida - came into use in 1783, when the peninsula became part of the Russian Empire.
Also, Crimea in different years was identified with Cimmeria and Lesser Scythia.
During the years of Soviet power, the Crimean region existed, after Ukraine gained independence, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea existed, and since 2014, the Republic of Crimea has appeared as part of Russia.
Geographical position of Crimea briefly
Crimea is washed from the east by the Azov Sea, from the south and west by the Black Sea, and in the north of the peninsula is the salty Sivash Bay. Most of the territory of the peninsula is located in the temperate zone, and the South Coast is in the subtropical zone, thereby providing favorable geographical location of Crimea like a resort.
The peninsula is divided into 3 conventional parts: steppe, mountains, southern coast. Extreme points of Crimea:
- north – Perekop Isthmus;
- south – Cape Sarych (located at 44°23′14″ N);
- west – Cape Priboyny;
- east – Cape Lantern.
The highest point is Roman-Kosh (1545 meters), located on Babugan-yayla.
18 settlements in Crimea have city status. The most populated among them are Sevastopol, Simferopol and Kerch. The main resorts are Yalta, Alushta and Evpatoria.
The area of Crimea is 27 thousand km².
Cape Sarych is the southernmost point of Crimea
The capital of Crimea is Simferopol, whose name translates as “gathering city.”
History of Crimea
Since ancient times, the peninsula has been an arena of military operations. Many nomadic tribes came here, then giving way to stronger ones. That's why history of Crimea contains many bloody pages and has preserved them in its legends and traditions.
The first settlers of the peninsula in the Middle Paleolithic were Neanderthals, whose sites were discovered in several places: Kiik-Koba, Chokurcha (considered the oldest human habitation in Europe).
A little later, in the Mesolithic, the Cro-Magnons appeared here.
These places were later inhabited by the Cimmerians in the 12th century BC. e., as well as the Tauri and Scythians who came to these lands in the 7th century BC.
e. Later, Greek settlers came to the lands of Taurida, who organized many cities on the coast and began trading with the local population. This is how the Bosporan kingdom, Chersonesos, Kerkinitis and a number of other cities appeared.
The Goths, Huns, Khazars, Byzantines, Tatars, Genoese, and Turks left their mark here.
For a long time (1441 - 1783) the Crimean Khanate was located here with its capital in Bakhchisarai.
Most of the time it was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, and after coming under Russian rule, the Khanate was disbanded.
In 1475, these lands were captured by the Ottoman Empire, which defeated both the Genoese and the mountain principality of Theodoro. The Turks ruled here for 3 centuries, but in 1774 Prince Dolgoruky annexed Taurida to the Russian Empire.
Before 1954 Crimea was part of Russia until it was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR.
In 2014, the peninsula returned to Russia again.
The peninsula is full of unusual, interesting and mysterious things. I suggest you find out some interesting facts about Crimea:
You can find out more about Crimea on other pages of our website.
Where is Crimea?
Where is Crimea located on the map of Russia? The Crimean Peninsula is located in the northern part of the Black Sea, and from the northeast it is washed by the Sea of Azov. In the north of Crimea it is connected with the mainland of Perekop by Isthmus (bay).
Now, of course, many Russians are interested and curious to know how long it takes to fly to Crimea from different cities in Russia, because the Crimean peninsula has become part of the Russian Federation and will likely break the flow of tourists here.
On a detailed map of the Crimean coast you can see that the entire coastline extends for 2.5 thousand kilometers.
It is also interesting that on the Black Sea coast the main resort cities are Sochi and Abkhazia, which are competitors of Crimea in terms of tourism, so it is recommended to read an interesting article about comparing these places for the quality of recreation and leisure - if it is better to relax: in Sochi or in Crimea?
There are many mountain peaks on the peninsula, of which the highest is Roman Kosh, 1545 meters high.
The northernmost point of the peninsula is the Perekop Strait, to the south - at Cape Miklavts, to the west - at Cape Kara-Mran, to the east - at the cape, on the Kerch Peninsula.
Geography of Crimea
The North Channel is the largest on the peninsula.
Detailed map of the Crimean coast
In Yandex and Google you can find a detailed map of the cities of Crimea and cities where the most popular settlements on the peninsula will be identified as Yalta, Alushta, Alupka, Feodosia, Dzhalty, Sudak and others.
Sevastopol is a heroic city with many landmarks during World War II. The most famous natural and historical attractions are the Crimean caves: marble, red and Emine-Bayr-Khosar cave.
Map of cities and places
What is Crimea
climate and natural zones of Crimea
Answers:
Crimea, despite its relatively small territory, has a varied climate. The climate of Crimea is divided into three subzones: Steppe Crimea (most of Crimea, the north, west and center of Crimea). Crimean Mountains. Southern coast of Crimea. The climate of the northern part is temperate continental, on the southern coast - with features similar to subtropical.
The average January temperature is from −1… −3 °C in the north of the steppe zone to +1… −1 °C in the south of the steppe zone, on the southern coast of Crimea from +2… +4 °C. The average July temperature of the South Coast and the eastern part of Crimea: Kerch and Feodosia is +23...+25 °C. Precipitation ranges from 300-400 mm per year in the north to 1000-2000 mm in the mountains. In summer (in the second half of July) in the steppe part of Crimea, daytime air temperatures reach +35...+37 °C in the shade, at night up to +23...+25 °C.
The climate is predominantly dry, with seasonal dry winds prevailing. The Black Sea warms up to +25 °C in summer. The Sea of Azov warms up to +27…+28 °C. The steppe part of Crimea lies in the steppe zone of temperate climate. This part of Crimea is characterized by long, dry and very hot summers and mild, little snowy winters with frequent thaws and very changeable weather.
The Crimean Mountains are characterized by a mountain type of climate with pronounced zonality in altitude. Summers are also very hot and dry, while winters are wet and mild. The southern coast of Crimea is characterized by a sub-Mediterranean climate.
Snow cover is only temporary, established on average once every 7 years, frosts only during the passage of the Arctic anticyclone.
Take a look at the map of our Motherland. In the extreme south of the European part, a peninsula juts out deeply, resembling an irregular quadrangle. It's small. Its area is only about 26 thousand square meters. km – 14 times less. In the north it is narrow (up to 8 km) connected to the mainland, in the south and west it is washed by the waters of the Black Sea, in the northeast and east by the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait.
In the distant geological past, there were extensive seas in the south: Sarmatian, Meotic and Pontic. The bottom of the Pontic sea-lake began to rise, and its waters finally gathered in two basins: the Black Sea and the Caspian, which were first connected by the Kuma-Manych Strait. They either connected with the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles, or separated from it.
The modern Black Sea arose about 10 thousand years ago. It is one of the deepest seas in our country. Along its shores stretches a strip of coastal shallow water - with depths of up to 200 m. This sandbank descends in several more or less steep ledges to the central part of the bottom. The maximum depth of the Black Sea is 2245 m.
The Black Sea is warm. In summer, surface waters in the open sea warm up to 24-25°, and in shallow coastal waters to 28-29°. In winter, the temperature of the surface waters of the open sea is 6-7°. The temperature of the waters of the coastal part generally remains around 0° with slight fluctuations. In this regard, in its coastal part the sea freezes only in especially cold winters.
Located inside the mainland, desalinated by the rivers flowing into it, the Black Sea is a medium-sized basin. The salinity of its surface waters is 16-18 ppm, that is, 16-18 parts by weight of salt per 1000 parts by weight of water. The deep waters of the Black Sea are saturated with hydrogen sulfide and are therefore lifeless.
Its organic world is very unique. Here are found fish that previously inhabited the Pontic sea-lake - Pontic relics, which include beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, sprat, some types of gobies, etc. There are fish that, in the cold eras of the past, descended from the south, penetrated into the Mediterranean Sea, and from there to Chernoe. Representatives of this so-called boreal-Atlantic group of fish are sprats, salmon, glossy flounder, dogfish shark, and sea fox ray.
Representatives of the Arctic fauna - seals - are also found, although rarely. In 1934, a seal was spotted near Batumi.
The most numerous and diverse fish of the Mediterranean fauna are: mullet, mackerel, mackerel, red mullet, bonito, sea bass, sea crucian, flounder, and stingray.
Small fish also live: pipefish, seahorse, stickleback.
Two species of Mediterranean fish are poisonous. These are the sea ruffe (scorpionfish) and the sea dragon. The ruffe has a gland at the base of the second ray of the dorsal fin that produces a toxic liquid that causes a painful inflammatory process.
A large and bold predator is the swordfish. In a state of irritation, she attacks not only fishing scows, but even passing ships.
Located at the latitude of southern France and northern Italy.
Crimean rivers
The main river is Salgir. Her 232 -x kilometer-long channel begins in the area of the Angarsk Pass and is lost off the coast of the Azov Sea. In total, approx. 150 rec. The most fertile and picturesque valleys are located between Bakhchisarai and Sevastopol. They are formed by the Alma, Kacha, Belbek, and Chernaya rivers.
Being essentially an island, it has become a kind of reserve for some endemic (not found anywhere except in this area) representatives of flora and fauna. Flora and fauna.
Rare plants and animals, unique landscapes that the peninsula is so rich in, are under conservation protection. Their total area is about 700 square kilometers, that's more 2,5% from the territory, one of the highest indicators of reserve saturation for the CIS. Many of the protected areas are visited by tourists; here you are required to be especially careful about nature.
The Republic of Crimea occupies the territory of the Crimean Peninsula.
The territory of the Republic of Crimea is 26.1 thousand square meters. km.
Length: from west to east – 360 km, from north to south – 180 km.
Extreme points: in the south – Cape Sarych; in the west – Cape Priboyny; in the east – Cape Lantern.
The most important seaports are Evpatoria, Yalta, Feodosia, Kerch.
Related regions: Krasnodar region of the Russian Federation, Kherson region of Ukraine.
The climate of the peninsula differs in its different parts: in the northern part it is temperate continental, on the southern coast it has subtropical features. Crimea is characterized by a small amount of precipitation throughout the year, a large number of sunny days, and the presence of breezes on the coast.
The relief of the Crimean peninsula consists of three unequal parts: the North Crimean Plain with the Tarkhankut Upland (about 70% of the territory), the Kerch Peninsula and in the south - the mountainous Crimea stretches in three ridges. The highest is the Main Range of the Crimean Mountains (1545 m, Mount Roman-Kosh), consisting of individual limestone massifs (yayls) with plateau-like peaks and deep canyons. The southern slope of the Main Ridge stands out as the Crimean sub-Mediterranean. The Inner and Outer ridges form the Crimean foothills.
The Crimean peninsula is washed by the Black and Azov seas.
The natural reserve fund includes 158 objects and territories (including 46 of national importance, the area of which is 5.8% of the area of the Crimean Peninsula). The basis of the reserve fund is made up of 6 nature reserves with a total area of 63.9 thousand hectares: Krymsky with the branch “Swan Islands”, Yalta Mountain Forest, Cape Martyan, Karadagsky, Kazantipsky, Opuksky.
Crimea is a peninsula richly endowed with natural resources. Its depths and the adjacent shelf contain industrial deposits of iron ore, combustible gas, mineral salts, construction raw materials, oil and gas condensate.
Of greater importance are the natural recreational resources of the peninsula: mild climate, warm sea, healing mud, mineral waters, picturesque landscapes.
The largest rivers are Salgir, Indol, Biyuk-Karasu, Chornaya, Belbek, Kacha, Alma, Bulganakh. The longest river in Crimea is Salgir (220 km), the deepest is Belbek (water flow - 1500 liters per second).
There are more than 50 salt lakes in Crimea, the largest of them is Lake Sasyk (Kunduk) - 205 sq. km.
The population of Crimea as of January 1, 2013 is 1 million 965.2 thousand people. Including the economically active population is 970.3 thousand people, or less than 50% of the total population.
About 130 ethnic groups live in the Republic of Crimea. The largest ethnic groups are Russians (58.3%), Ukrainians (24.3%) and Crimean Tatars (12.1%).
Official languages: Russian, Ukrainian, Crimean Tatar.
Time zone: MSK (UTC+4).
Administrative-territorial structure: cities of republican significance - 11, districts - 14.
The capital of the Republic of Crimea is the city of Simferopol.
The representative body of the Republic of Crimea is the State Council of the Republic of Crimea.
The executive body of the Republic of Crimea is the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Crimea.
The Republic of Crimea has symbols: coat of arms, flag and anthem.
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